When you have diabetes, what can you eat? Diabetes mellitus type 2 - diet. Menu - diabetes mellitus type 2

For sure, every person at least once in life faced such a formidable concept as diabetes. Especially if you take into account such facts that the first data on this pathology appeared in ancient Egypt, and the incidence of it in our time is about 246 million. Truly a terrible number. Therefore, each of us should know at least the basic minimum of information about this disease in order to turn to a doctor in time and start treatment, so necessary for diabetes. What you can eat, how to lead a life, how to maintain one's health - with the knowledge of the patient about all this and adequate therapy with such a diagnosis, one can live to a very old age with almost no complications.

Initial symptoms

So, first you need to understand what this serious disease is. First of all, diabetes mellitus is divided into 2 main types: the first (insulin-dependent) and the second (non-insulin-dependent); And each of them has different causes of development and methods of treatment. However, due to the fact that the mechanism of damage to blood vessels and internal organs in them is common, namely, associated with an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood, they have the same symptomatology.

The first signs that a patient can notice are dry mouth, a feeling of constant thirst, frequent urination, possibly even at night. Against the background of severe metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus, a person suffers from correct absorption and processing of all nutritional elements, especially carbohydrates and fats. Therefore, the patient may notice that he either typed or lost a lot of weight in a short time.

Signs of disease progression

Due to the disruption of the nutrition of tissues and vessels, their fragility increases, which increases the bleeding time in traumas, the skin becomes less elastic and is more easily exposed to fungal and bacterial lesions. In addition, general and muscular weakness, decreased efficiency, and accelerated fatigue in exercising physical activity. However, the diabetes mellitus manifests itself only externally, and in the meantime irreversible destructive changes occur in the organs, resulting in severe complications in the form of paradontosis, atrophic gastritis and duodenitis, fatty liver degeneration, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and, as a consequence, coronary heart disease, Diabetic neuro- and angiopathies, as well as coma.

Avoiding all this can only be one way: adequate treatment and careful treatment of their health, and therefore at the head of the corner for patients with the disease "type 2 diabetes" - a diet, however, no different from what is intended for patients with insulin-dependent pathology. We will talk about it a little later, and before that, we should learn about the causes of this serious illness, so that everyone can pay attention to their lifestyle in time.

Etiology

In the first place, the excess weight of the body has a diabetogenic effect. The fact is that in adipose tissue there are receptors for glucose, the main energy substrate in our body, and its transformation into fats ensures its normal utilization. However, this can play the opposite, negative role. Because, with an excess of adipose tissue in humans, receptors on cells gradually disappear, and therefore glucose has nowhere to go, and it continues to circulate in the blood, bringing already not very good consequences. So, it interacts with blood proteins, including hemoglobin, the only carrier of oxygen, and violates their functions. In addition, it damages the walls of the vessels, which adversely affects the brain, heart, kidneys, peripheral nerves.

Other risk factors

Hence all the complications develop, but the aggravated situation is aggravated by the decreased mobility of a person, a sedentary lifestyle, the use of easily digestible carbohydrates and fats. That's why the doctor is obliged to tell the patient about diabetes, what can be eaten, what is more useful for him, and what is practically pernicious.

Another variant of the appearance of this disease in a person is hereditary, ie, its presence with the next of kin, because as a result, a predisposition to such a severe pathology appears. This means that even with insignificant errors in diet or lifestyle in such a patient, diabetes will develop much easier and faster than in people with unhealthy family history. That's why they need an extremely cautious menu. Diabetes mellitus, 2 types or 1 st, is something that is better to avoid than to be treated all my life.

Basic principles of nutrition

For man, food is not only a source of energy, but also the main substratum for building new cells and regulating the metabolism in the available ones. A certain diet is necessary for any disease, but especially in this aspect type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diet for this pathology is key, because the slightest error in nutrition leads to a jump in blood glucose, which can cause a coma. Its general scheme is simple and known: categorically not to drink alcohol and carbonated beverages, fatty and fried, excessively salty foods, pickled products, canned food and by-products such as sausage or sausages, semi-finished products, smoked and abundant spices. The key link is precisely the violation of glucose metabolism, and several features have diabetes mellitus. What you can eat with this disease and how to count, we will find out further.

The value of nutrition for a patient endocrinologist

Each piece of food that a person eats, goes a long way first along the gastrointestinal tract, and then inside the vascular bed and cells. And each of its components is either rationally spent, or allocated for unnecessary or harmful. A very special attention should be paid to those who have a frightening diagnosis of "diabetes mellitus" in their medical history. "What can I eat?" - the question is quite definite, and the answers to it are laconically arranged in a variety of brochures, posters, articles.

That is, this disease has been sufficiently studied, its treatment regimens and features of dietology are well known to every endocrinologist and even many citizens of other professions, and all patients must be sure to remember that any thoughtlessly eaten piece of prohibited product can cost them life! And, on the contrary, proper nutrition will allow them not only to improve the prognosis of their disease, but also to alleviate their condition by reducing body weight. Doctors of many generations, the brightest minds of medicine have long developed everything for the patients, so it remains only to follow the recommendations, because it is not so difficult.

Strictly prohibited

Conditionally speaking, everything that looks like sugar, that is, white, can not be categorically used in diabetes mellitus. What you can eat is not all the rest, it's a separate issue. Patients should abandon rice, products from flour of the highest grade - both wheat and rice.

Also, you can not do everything that contains sugar, and especially in conjunction with an abundance of fats. It's all cakes, cakes, chocolate, ice cream, candy, jam, honey and other sweets. It is also worth giving up those fruits that contain a lot of glucose. These are grapes, bananas, plums, cherries and apricots. From such products, the patient will already get hyperglycemia, and even add other food on top, since you will not be full with fruit. In addition, all high-calorie (fatty meat, sausages, pates, canned in oil, seeds and nuts, mayonnaise) is also strictly forbidden in diabetes mellitus. What you can eat among dairy products is a separate topic.

It is worth limiting

So, to delete from your diet follows sour cream, cheese, cottage cheese with fat content more than thirty. Kefir, fermented baked milk - with fat content not more than one and a half percent. Other products that fit within this framework are allowed in limited quantities. Also, do not abuse low-fat meat and poultry (peel off necessarily!), Cereals, potatoes, corn and legumes, as well as vegetable oil and eggs. Also it is necessary to eat so that to facilitate digestion, that is a little, not overeating, in regular intervals distributing meals during the day. This will help to better digest food and not to overcrowd sugar in the blood. If we talk in more detail about cereals, then buckwheat and oatmeal are more preferable. Pyshenka and mank should not be used.

Allowed in any quantity

These products include all those that are low-calorie and contain glucose in minimal amounts. These are vegetables such as cucumbers and tomatoes, cabbage, eggplants, zucchini and pepper, lean fish, any fresh herbs (spinach, lettuce, sorrel, onions, etc.), such root crops as carrots, radishes, radishes and turnips. And also green beans and mushrooms. All these products are extremely nutritious, full of vitamins and coarse fiber, which will help digest food and improve cellular metabolism.

The myth that ginger can be used for diabetes is extremely unfounded and erroneous. This product contains a lot of carbohydrates, which only contribute to weight gain, and its effect on the cardiovascular system can be dangerous, as its pathologies very often accompany patients with this disease. It is allowed to drink tea and coffee without sugar or with sugar replacers, as well as mineral water.

General recommendations

To make it easier to remember your diet, the table of products helps with diabetes. It is a "traffic light", in the red light of which one should place categorically forbidden food, on yellow - limited, and on green - allowed in any quantities. With such an "assistant" you very soon get used to your diet and accustom your friends to him with the same disease. In addition to diet therapy, you should remember about other ways to reduce body weight: physical training, fractional nutrition, greater intake of vitamins. It is strictly forbidden for patients with diabetes to starve, because this will cause a sharp drop in glucose in the blood and may cause coma or even death.