The time when the Moscow Kremlin was built must be known to every person who loves Russia. Because it is not only the heart of Russia, the soul of the world's greatest and greatest in the world, but also one of the most beautiful complexes in the world.
The Ancient Settlements
Excavations have shown that settlements on the territory of the Kremlin existed 5000 years ago, and in the VI century AD Slavic tribes already lived here. In the center of Moscow itself, the remains of a settlement belonging to the Diacovan culture are found.
Dyakovo fortifications, as a rule, were located on the headlands of rivers. In ancient times, for reasons of convenience and safety, the first in the district were occupied by hills on the river bank. It is desirable in the estuary that the water protects the settlement from two sides. The waterway served as a means of communicating with neighbors and allowed for more intensive trade, and the hills were not so accessible to the enemies and enabled the review of a large area.
Birth of Moscow
And when the Moscow Kremlin was built, Borovitsky Hill, surrounded on both sides by the Moscow River and Neglinnaya flowing into it, as well as the settlement located on its summit, turned into an impregnable fortress. The first mention of the Kremlin dates back to 1147. Then there were not even the walls erected in the tree. They appeared only after 9 years - in 1156. The heart of Moscow is mentioned for the first time in connection with the invitation of Yury Dolgoruky to the newly-built khorominy of his ally Svyatoslav Olgovich, the Novgorod-the-north prince. The arrival of a future relative (their granddaughter and son - the famous Igor and Yaroslavna - will marry) for a feast and is considered the date of foundation of Moscow. This is exactly the time when the Moscow Kremlin was built.
Great Builder
After the construction of the walls, the Kremlin becomes an administrative center for those surrounding it and nearby villages. Here the inhabitants of these settlements found shelter during the invasion of the enemies. Gradually the significance of this fortress increased, and the territory expanded. And now, with the son of Alexander Nevsky, Prince Danila Alexandrovich (1261-1303), the ancestor of the Moscow princes, the city that grew up around the Kremlin becomes the capital of a small Moscow principality.
At the time when the Moscow Kremlin was built, Yuri Dolgoruky founded Pereyaslavl-Zalessky and Yuryev-Polsky. This prince, who all his life ruled the Rostov-Suzdal principality and died there, was engaged in active urban development. In addition to the above-mentioned cities, he founded Dubna, Kostroma, Dmitrov, flooded during the construction of the Uglich reservoir in the village of Seniatino, and, according to one of the legends, Gorodets. In addition, he built many fortresses and fortified areas. So, when the Moscow Kremlin was built (year 1147), other strategic locations were laid. And nothing said that it was from this fortress that the capital of the largest state in the world would grow.
Improvements of the future capital
And Moscow was built and expanded. Prince Ivan Kalita (1283-1341) is building the first white stone cathedrals. And with him in 1340, the old wooden walls are replaced by powerful oak trees. And his grandson Dmitry Donskoy (1350-1389), the son of the Moscow Prince Ivan II Red, replaces the oak walls with white stone. This was the reason to call Moscow "white stone". It is such a beauty depicted in the picture of Vasily Vereshchagin, written in 1879, under the title "View of the Moscow Kremlin from the Stone Bridge". The capital of Russia, a city with a stunning history can not but cause increased interest. Any main city of the country is loved and respected by its inhabitants. But Moscow is much more for a Russian person. And it is quite natural to want to know the details of the city's origin, where it started, how and when the Moscow Kremlin was built, the year of its origin and under which prince this miracle was erected.
The first literary references
One of the first descriptions of the birth of the great city is in the story "The Tale of the Murder of Daniel of Suzdal and the beginning of Moscow". "Ipatiev Chronicle" is considered the first reliable source, where the town of Moscow is mentioned - the place of a great feast in honor of the meeting of friends and allies of the Rostov-Suzdal and Novgorod-Severny princes. When asked about the year in which the Moscow Kremlin was built, there are several answers. You can specify a specific date, in connection with which the Kremlin was first mentioned - on the day "Heel to the Praise of the Virgin", that is, on Saturday, April 4, 1147. And you can talk for a long time about how the Kremlin was built over the centuries. Is it possible to imagine this complex without the Assumption Cathedral or the Grand Kremlin Palace?
The Kremlin was built and rebuilt
The answer to the question of when the Moscow Kremlin was built in the future will depend entirely on what is meant by this name - the modern giant, the residence of the president of the Russian Federation, or a small wooden structure, from which everything began. There is not enough page to simply list all the chambers, cathedrals, buildings, squares, gardens and monuments of this major socio-political and historical and artistic complex of Russia occupying an area of 27.5 hectares. The territory of the Kremlin is like an irregular triangle.
One of the pearls of the Kremlin
The Uspensky Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin deserves special mention. It was built in 1479. The history of the beginning of its creation dates back to 1326. The Great Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita, together with St. Peter, laid this year the first stone cathedral in Moscow. The Mother See of Holy Russia was supposed to have the capital city (and this was precisely Moscow's status). It is St. Peter who plays the key role in the fact that Moscow becomes the capitalist. Therefore, after the death of the first Metropolitan of Moscow was buried in the still unfinished main cathedral of. His relics and the list of the icon "Our Lady of Petrovskaya", the original of which was made by the apostle Peter himself, are one of the main shrines of Russia. The cathedral was rebuilt. This happened during the reign of the unifier of Russian lands under the rule of Moscow, Grand Duke Ivan III. When he was in the Kremlin deployed a large building - all the buildings were rebuilt in stone. And in this case, answering the question of when the Moscow Kremlin was built, the year can be called quite another - 1485. During the decade (1485-1495) unique battlements were erected, which are the visiting card of the great complex.
Priceless treasure of world architecture
As noted above, Dmitry Donskoy rebuilt in stone the original wooden detinets (so called in Russia the Kremlin). Actually, he built a new stone "silicon", and the year of completion of construction, 1367, can also rightfully be considered a date when the Moscow Kremlin was built. Later, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, who became the first Russian tsar (he took the title in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin), the complex itself was also intensively completed.
And the decoration of the Cathedral Square - the bell tower "Ivan the Great", without which it is difficult to imagine the Kremlin, since it was the tallest building in Moscow for many years, was built during Boris Godunov's reign. However, the first Moscow Kremlin was built in 1147 by the decree of Yury Dolgoruky. The fortified part of the city was also called "chrome", which more suited to the wooden tower, surrounded by a wooden fence. The unique and unique, legendary and impregnable, the Kremlin is the personification of the power and uniqueness of Russia.