When was the foundation of Nizhny Novgorod? History of Nizhny Novgorod

According to statistics, the population of the huge Nizhny Novgorod is more than 1 million 260 thousand people of different nationalities. Russians make up the bulk of its population - 95%.

The peculiarity is that most of the Lower is located on the hills. This is the main natural attraction of a remarkable ancient city.

In the article you can find other information concerning this amazing historical corner of Russia: the year of the founding of Nizhny Novgorod, the sights, the history of formation, etc.

Nizhny Novgorod: location, general information

The famous Russian river Oka divides the whole city into two parts, almost unrelated to each other: the upper one - office and historical, the lower one - residential and industrial. Geographically, the city is located on the so-called Strelka - at the confluence of the largest rivers: the Oka and the Volga.

Nizhny Novgorod is located on both banks of the Oka River and on the right bank of the Volga. It is built up quite chaotically - it does not have a definite shape, even the center is located on the outskirts of the city.

On the high hills (Dyatlova Mountains), the right bank of the city stretches, on the plains and lowlands (the floodplain of the Oka River) - the left bank.

What attracts the city of Nizhny Novgorod? He attracts his amazing provinciality, despite its size and proximity to the metropolitan standards.

To reveal and revive from the 40-year inaccessibility of the Soviet times, Nizhny became only recently. This is due to the fact that in 1959 the entry to the city for foreigners was closed due to the fact that more visitors were interested not in historical sights, but in local industry (defense). Perhaps, due to this, the historical side has remained virtually untouched here.

What is great about a great city?

The great Russian writer M. Gorky (was born, created his works) and the famous patriots Minin and Pozharsky, who liberated the city of Moscow from the Poles, is the glory and pride of the city.

In the very center of Nizhny Novgorod there are several houses where M. Gorky lived and worked. During the life of the writer in 1932, in honor of him, the city was renamed Gorky and was so called until 1990.

The stone Kremlin, numerous majestic cathedrals, the GAZ automobile plant are the main of many sights of the city.

Today, the great historical architectural masterpieces here coexist with the brightly-marked modern buildings.

History of Nizhny Novgorod

The Tatar-Mongol invasion destroyed Nizhny Novgorod. In total, the city was carried out approximately 17 attacks in the history of its existence. However, he again and again revived and strengthened his position (economic, political, religious and cultural).

Due to its successful geographical position, excellent transport interchange (both on land and along rivers), the city was strengthened quite thoroughly. The rivers made it possible to transport goods throughout the country. The city became known as the pocket of Russia, the main trade center of the 18-19th centuries.

In former times, as already noted above, Nizhny Novgorod became famous for its heroes, who went out to fight the interventionists from Poland. This was in 1612, when the militia of Nizhny Novgorod, led by K. Minin and D. Pozharsky , opposed the Poles. The annual celebration of the Day of National Unity (on November 4) in Russia is dedicated to the heroic deed of these Nizhny Novgorod heroes.

In the same place (in Nizhny Novgorod), where the leaders recruited people for the battle against the invaders, a monument was erected in honor of them (the same is on the Red Square in Moscow).

Year of foundation of Nizhny Novgorod

Why Novgorod "Lower"? Most people believe that this is due to the fact that the city is located below the famous Novgorod.

Actually, the fact is that in the middle of the 7th century, a fortified Slav fortress was once founded about four versts up the mouth of the Oka. This mention of the Old Town was preserved until the beginning of the 17th century.

The victorious 1221-year campaigns were allowed in a rather favorable place (above the confluence of the Volga and the Oka) in terms of military-strategic to build a new "Lower" city. At that time wooden and earth military fortifications were erected here, inside of which the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk cathedral was erected. This is how Nizhny Novgorod found its foundation.

The main attractions of the city

This remarkable historical city has numerous architectural monuments. UNESCO included Nizhny Novgorod in the number of 100 cities of world value.

The most interesting place is the historical center - st. Great Pokrovskaya with ancient buildings and magnificent bronze figures.

The Kremlin of Nizhny Novgorod is the heart of the city. The foundation of Nizhny Novgorod occurred exactly at this place.

Here is the Eternal Flame, government buildings, large concert halls, the Church of M. Archangel (here are the remains of the Grand Dukes and K. Minin). In this place, the foundation of Nizhny Novgorod happened in its time.

Near the Kremlin, a monument to the Nizhny Novgorod hero V. Chkalov is erected and the Chkalovskaya staircase, chosen by tourists and residents, is located. From its height you can see a wonderful view of the great river Volga.

The foundation of Nizhny Novgorod is associated with the construction here of beautiful cathedrals and monasteries: the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Makaryevsky Monastery, the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (right on the river bank), the Staroyarmarichny Cathedral and many others. Other

One of the most favorite activities for holidaymakers are walks on motor ships. During the cruise, there are wonderful views of the city, the Chkalovskaya staircase and the Verkhnechetsky Monastery.