When television appeared in the USSR for all

The idea of transferring images, including moving ones, arose in 1907 in the Russian scientist Boris Rosing, who suggested that any complex figure can be decomposed into the simplest components by a line-by-line method. However, in order to implement this project, it was necessary to work out many technical devices that are part of the design of a modern television receiver.

Many scientists in different countries fought over numerous problems. It is believed that for the first time the image was transferred by American engineer Charles Jenkins for a distance in 1923, but at the same time another specialist created the most important element of the design, which became the main part of the 20th century display devices. The name of this inventor is Zvarykin. He, working as an engineer in the company RCA (American Radio Corporation), developed an iconoscope, also called a kinescope, or a cathode ray tube.

But in the first years this revolutionary invention was not appreciated. The main trend of thought in the late 1920s and early 30s was limited to the improvement of equipment created on the basis of the optical-mechanical disc by Paul Nipkov, created back in 1884. This device was intended for image scanning and was the simplest model of the personnel and line scanning system, which today can be used only to explain to children the general principles of video broadcasting.

On the question of when television appeared in the USSR, there is no single answer. The first video broadcast was conducted by the HF transmitter of the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute back in 1931, timed this achievement to the glorious Pervomaia holiday. After another half a year, transfers began to occur more often, but only those who collected their own mechanical receiver alone could enjoy them, and there were not more than three dozen of them. At the same time, similar attempts were made in other scientific centers of the country, in Odessa and Leningrad.

The video signal was regularly broadcast in Moscow, again timed this event for the holiday, this time to the 17th anniversary of the October Revolution. In 1938 Shabolovsky TC gave a feature film about Kirov "The Great Citizen".

Exact date

The day of March 25 became the official date when television was created in the USSR, but it did not become final either. Such an important means of propaganda could not limit its activity to a demonstration of motion pictures, other programs were needed, and the first studio program, which became the prototype of future broadcasts, was held ten days later. It was this milestone that became a breakthrough in the technology of news production. The live broadcast of the beginning of April 1938 marked the moment when television appeared in the USSR of the format to which modern viewers

People all these programs were not available for a simple reason: the technique was expensive, not massively produced. Preparation for the industrial manufacture of a national instrument under the American license, and then its own design, was conducted immediately before the war, but the day when television appeared in the USSR, available to the people, was, for obvious reasons, postponed, as, indeed, in the rest of the world. Soviet propaganda managed to take an important step, the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b) (1939) was the first one about which the television report was broadcast.

The postwar start of television in the USSR took place at the end of the victorious year, on December 15. The programs were only available to Muscovites, and not all. Receivers of receivers were members of the government, high-ranking party functionaries and some prominent figures of science and art. Two years later, residents of the city on the Neva, who survived the brutal blockade, also gained access to this good of civilization - the Leningrad shopping center began its work.

The creation of the Central Studio in 1951 demonstrated the seriousness of the intentions of the Soviet leadership to expand broadcasting to the whole country. After Stalin's death, the main channel of the country underwent a structural transformation, each of the editorial offices was responsible for its work site.

The middle of the 50s was the time when television appeared in the USSR, and not only in Moscow and Leningrad. By this time, mechanical reception devices had become obsolete long ago, and Zvarykin's invention found its application in new, mass-produced devices, the first of which was the legendary KVN. Hundreds of thousands went to the blue screens, and then millions of citizens of the Soviet Union.