What is the institution of the presidency? Briefly about presidential power in Russia

The word "president" literally means "sitting in front". In ancient times people who conduct various meetings or gatherings were called so. In the meaning of "head of state" the term was first used only in the 18th century.

In all countries, the institution of the presidency has a constitutional and legal basis.

It should be noted that the term has several definitions:

• Some political scientists see it as a unified legal institution whose purpose is to coordinate the functioning of other state institutions.

• Others believe that the institution of the presidency is an orderly system of legal norms aimed at electing the head of state, monitoring its activities, powers and responsibilities.

• There is an opinion that such an institution should be called the unity of all the powers of the head of state in the field of government. It is understood that all powers are based on the legal norms enshrined in the constitution.

• Some political scientists believe that the institution of the presidency is close to the absolute monarchy in essence , and the head of state in this case is not far from the role of the "father of nations".

Despite the difference in definitions, the presidential power is in demand, and the president of any country bears personal responsibility for what is happening in the country.

Today in Russia, a person holding such a post is the sole head of the Russian Federation, who receives his powers as a result of general elections.

Presidential power is exercised jointly by the president and the executive apparatus, which usually includes the Security Council, administration, etc. In different countries there are different bodies of executive power.

The presidency institute has many years. First President George Washington was elected to the United States in 1787. The first Russian was B.N. Yeltsin in 1991. This happened immediately after the collapse of the USSR. The congress of deputies doubted the expediency of approving a new post, and the issue of establishing a new post was submitted to the All-Russian Referendum. As a result, the "About the President of the RSFSR" was amended in the Constitution, and a year later (in April 1991), after the Declaration of Sovereignty was proclaimed, the very first President of the Russian Federation was elected popularly. In total, around 130 countries have a presidency institution.

In Russia, first of all, it is the guarantor of freedom, observance of the rights of each person, and also the guarantor (underwriter) of the Constitution.

The Institute of the President of the Russian Federation implies that the person holding the highest post:

• Ensures the adequate functioning of all authorities.

• Guarantees the preservation of the sovereignty of the country, takes timely measures to ensure its independence, freedom, state integrity.

• He is the head of state, represents it in internal and external relations.

• He is Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the RF Armed Forces.

To date, the institution of presidency is enshrined in federal laws and the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The president gets power directly from the hands of the people, he can act independently of some authorities, directly influence any of them, including On judicial, has high executive powers.

According to the Constitution, the presidential power of the Russian Federation is not controlled by Parliament. In the formation of the Government, the latter takes an insignificant part, and this body itself is controlled solely by the president.

Thanks to this method, the Government is becoming much more stable than, for example, in the parliamentary republics. The Institute of the Presidency of the Russian Federation guarantees democratic freedoms, while at the same time being the only acceptable instrument necessary for the observance of the Constitution.