What is kidney urography? Excretory urography of the kidneys and preparation for it

In medical practice, there are a large number of tests, laboratory studies and various methods for determining the condition of internal organs and our body in general. One such research method is renal urology.

What is urography?

To begin with, the very word "urography" consists of two concepts that answer the question posed. The first word is "uro", "urine" is urine, the second is "graphy" - to depict, write. This is such an x-ray method for studying the urinary system, in which its condition is assessed. Diseases of the excretory system are numerous, therefore excretory urography of the kidneys shows what deviations from the norm are present in each specific case.

Indication for the study

In order to be convinced of defeat of kidneys or urinary ways, doctors prescribe examination. Most often it is done if you suspect the following diseases:

• Anomalies in the development of ureters and kidneys;
• Hematuria of unknown etiology;
• Stones in the ureters and kidneys;
• Such private kidney diseases as pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, tuberculosis, glomerulonephritis, nephrogenic hypertension and others;
• Kidney tumors ;
• Kidney trauma.

Also, with the help of such a study as kidney urography, one can see the state of the abdominal cavity for studying the state of the organs of the digestive system.

Contraindications to the procedure

As it happens in other cases, this examination has a negative effect on some people. Excretory urography of the kidneys is not recommended for patients who have pathologies such as renal and hepatic insufficiency. Contraindicated study for patients who have suffered a stroke and myocardial infarction. A separate group for avoiding the procedure are pregnant women. Urography of kidneys during pregnancy to women is contraindicated, since passing rays can cause development of anomalies in the child.

Very rarely there are complications after the research, such as urticaria, anaphylactic shock and laryngospasm, this should be taken into account when prescribing urology to allergic patients.

How is the research done?

In carrying out this study, a radiocontrast agent is injected intravenously. In this case, the patient should be in a horizontal position. For urography, a special substance, sergazine, is used, in a 40 ml dosage of 40% r-ra, cardiotrast is also often used (in 35% of 20 ml) or some other contrast agent. The drug is slowly injected into the vein, then 3-5 shots are made in the urinary tract and kidneys. For this, the X-ray tube should be located strictly in the middle between the umbilicus and the pubis. You can start taking the first picture 10 minutes after the intravenous injection. Then the specialist looks at the dynamics of the picture on the screen. If the picture is good, the pictures can be taken after 20 minutes, 40, 60, and also after 2 hours.

What does the renal urography show?

The study is very informative for the doctor. In carrying out such studies, X-rays pass through the structural elements of the body. With the help of electromagnetic radiation, a negative image appears on the special plate. Here the specialist looks at the density of the tissue or organ - the lighter the picture on the film, the higher it is. Urography of the kidneys makes it possible to study their excretory capacity. In addition, the dimensions of the morphological elements are clearly visible here: cups, pelvis. The film shows whether there are stones where they are located, whether they managed to cause changes in the ureters and kidneys. Also with the help of this study it is possible to determine hydronephrosis, various kinds of tumors, tuberculosis of the kidneys. Urography informatively displays the processes and performed functions of a healthy kidney, if the second is damaged. After the study, the specialist compares the results of urography and other clinical data. If the kidneys function normally, there is a good urodynamics, then the study can end in 30 minutes. However, there are cases when it is delayed up to 24 hours after the administration of a special substance.

To further investigate the reserve capacity of the kidneys, furosemide (40 mg) is administered after 20 minutes, based on the injected radiopaque substance. This special technique, called pharmacourography, allows you to determine the dilatation of the upper urinary tract, that is, hidden disorders, provoked by complex diseases. To do this, furosemide must be dissolved in an isotonic sterile solution of sodium chloride.

Urography of the kidneys: preparation for it

Before the study it is important to carefully consider the recommendations of the doctor. Most often the preparation procedure is the same for everyone, there are, of course, exceptions. Early in the morning, before the event, the patient eats fried white bread, as well as meat. After this, they must put a cleansing enema for the person. No special preparatory actions are required.

Before the procedure, you need to discuss with your doctor all the exciting questions. For example, how the rays affect the human body, or how many X-ray studies in a certain period of time is safe for the body. Some even keep a record of such studies to provide the specialist with accurate information about themselves. Be sure to report the presence of pregnancy in you or a suspicion that it may be.

Urography of kidneys in children is carried out without any special differences from the usual study for adults. But here there are some nuances. It is very important to correctly determine the dose of contrast medium. It depends on the child's age, body weight, functional state of the liver and kidneys. There are distinctions in age and for children: from several months to one year appoint 3 or 4 ml of substance, and from one to three years - 2-3 ml. Since small children can not withstand research for a long time, for them urography is performed with minimal time ranges: from 1 minute to 40 - this is for children under three years old. For older people, this range stretches to 60 minutes.