Vyatka province: history and modernity

Vyatka province - territorial formation in the former Russian Empire with a center in the city of Vyatka. The lands of this region were not always included in one territorial formation, but they were always interconnected economically.

Formation of the territory of the province

Prior to the administrative reform of Peter the Great in 1708-1710 in Russia there was practically no division of the territory into regions. The great king in 1708 divided the state into 7 provinces. Note that the issue of the creation of the Vyatka province was not at that time, therefore, the lands adjacent to the Vyatka River were included in such formations:

- Siberian province (6 counties);

- Kazan (5 counties);

- Arkhangelsk (2 volosts).

In 1719, each of these provinces was divided into provinces. Vyatka province at that time was part of the Siberian province, but in 1727 it was transferred to the province of Kazan. Such a transformation was very profitable from the economic point of view, since the Kazan province was originally composed of many lands on which the Vyatka River flows . As is known, at that time river transport was the main one in maintaining economic ties and developing trade.

Administrative changes took place in the empire also in the second half of the 18th century. For example, in 1780 the Vyatka governorship was created. The territory includes the provinces of Vyatka and some southern districts of the Kazan province.

Legal registration of the creation of the province

In 1796 the governorship was reformatted to the province. In this way tsarism in fact recognized the fact that the Vyatka province had to exist initially and in economically justified borders. The administrative territory was divided into 13 districts:

- Vyatsky;

- Orel;

- Glazovsky;

- Sarapulsky;

- Elabuga;

- Slobodskaya;

- Kaygorodsky;

- Urzhumsky;

- Kotelnich;

- Tsarevosanchursky;

- Malmyzhsky;

- Yaransky;

- Nolinsky.

Center of the province

Vyatka (city) was founded by immigrants from the Novgorod lands in the interval between 1181 and 1374 years. In historical chronicles, the town of Kotelnich was mentioned in 1181, but nothing is said about Vyatka yet. But it was in 1374 that the city was mentioned in connection with the campaign of the Novgorodians to the capital of the Volga Bulgars.

Vyatka is a city that changed its name several times. It is known that immediately after the foundation it was called Khlynov, although there was no official confirmation of this fact in the form of archival documents. In 1374, according to the "Tale of Vyatka Land," the center of this region was called Vyatka. Since 1457 the name of Khlynov has returned again. In connection with the administrative reform of 1780, Tsarina Catherine issued a decree about the return of the city to the city of Vyatka, which lasted until the end of 1934. As you know, this year the communist leader Kirov was killed. The Soviet leadership decided to honor the memory of the communist, renaming Vyatka in Kirov. At the moment, the question of returning the city to the historical name is being raised, but this idea has no serious support.

Ethnic composition

The census of the Vyatka province of 1897 gave an opportunity to form a real representation about the ethnic structure of the region in general and each county specifically. So, the total population of the earth was 3030831. Of this number, Russians were 77.4%, Udmurts - 12.5%, Tatars - 4.1%, Mari - 4.8%. If we look at the uyezds, we will see a slightly different picture. For example, in the Vyatka District, the Russian population was 99.5%. The same picture could be observed in Kotelnich, Nolin, Orel uyezds. In Glazov Uyezd, 54% of Russians lived, 42% of Udmurts, 2% of Tatars and Komi-Permyaks. The most multi-ethnic is the Elabuga district. Here at the time of the census, the population structure was 53.3% Russians, 21.9% Udmurt, 3.1% Mari, 16.3% Tatars, 3.7% Bashkirs, 1.7% Teptyari . In the Malmyye uyezd, representatives of Russian nationality were about 54%, Udmurts - 24%, Mari - 4%, Tatars - 17%. As we see, Vyatka province is multinational, because in each county there were at least 3 nationalities. In 1897, there were only a few mono-national districts.

Villages of Vyatka province

The territory of each province was divided into several administrative units. Vyatka province was not an exception. The counties, in modern terms, are districts that include village councils (in the tsarist times - volosts). The names of villages and smaller villages often played a cruel joke with the residents, because the travelers could take some ugly name seriously, thinking that it really characterizes the inhabitants of the settlement.

Consider this situation with the example of the names of the villages of Nolin Uyezd. In 1926 a population census was carried out, which recorded the existence of such villages:

- stupid (negative characteristic of intellectual abilities of peasants);

- Fools (even more negative expression);

- God-eaters (people eating God);

- Sores;

- Kobelevshchina and Kobeli (we are talking about some kind of sexual characteristics);

- Culture and Labor, Saving Labor (purely Soviet names);

- Netrusy (depending on how to understand the meaning of the word, given a positive or negative connotation);

- A disgrace (a shameful place).

Vyatka province: from history to the present

Today we live in a modern country that is developing and looking confidently in the future. In the Kirov region there are many industrial enterprises. In the early 2000s, a population census was conducted , the results of which showed that the national structure of the population remained practically unchanged. This region is also remarkable for the fact that Mari, Udmurts, Russians, Tatars and descendants of Perm live here. Ethnic conflicts between representatives of different nationalities have never been observed.