Voltage stabilizer: circuit, device and principle of operation

In any network, the voltage is not stable and is constantly changing. This depends primarily on electricity consumption. Thus, connecting the devices to the outlet, you can significantly reduce the voltage in the network. The average deviation is 10%. Many devices that operate on electricity are designed for minor changes. However, large fluctuations lead to overloads of transformers.

How is the stabilizer arranged?

The main element of the stabilizer is considered to be a transformer. Through an alternating circuit, it is connected to diodes. In some systems, there are more than five units. As a result, they form a bridge in the stabilizer. Behind the diodes is a transistor, behind which is set the regulator. Additionally, there are capacitors in the stabilizers. The automation is switched off by means of a closing mechanism.

Elimination of interference

The principle of the stabilizers is based on the feedback method. At the first stage, the voltage is applied to the transformer. If its limit value exceeds the norm, then the diode enters the work. It is connected directly to the transistor in a circuit. If we consider an alternating current system, then the voltage is additionally filtered. In this case, the capacitor acts as a converter.

After the current passes the resistor, it returns to the transformer again. As a result, the nominal value of the load changes. For the stability of the process in the network there is automation. Thanks to it, the capacitors do not overheat in the collector circuit. At the output, the mains current passes through the winding through another filter. Eventually, the tension becomes rectified.

Features of network stabilizers

The main circuit of the voltage regulator of this type is a set of transistors, as well as diodes. In turn, the mechanism of closure in it is absent. Regulators are of the usual type. In some models, the display system is additionally installed.

It is able to show the power of jumps in the network. The sensitivity of the model is quite different. Condensers, as a rule, are in the circuit of a compensating type. They do not have a security system.

Models with regulator

For refrigeration equipment, the regulated voltage regulator is in demand . Its scheme implies the possibility of setting the device before using it. In this case, it helps in eliminating high-frequency interference. In turn, the electromagnetic field of problems for resistors does not represent.

Capacitors are also included in the adjustable voltage regulator. Its scheme does not do without transistor bridges, which are connected to each other along the collector chain. Directly the regulators can be installed in various modifications. Much in this case depends on the ultimate stress. Additionally, the type of transformer that is present in the stabilizer is taken into account.

Stabilizers "Resanta"

The "Resant" voltage regulator circuit is a set of transistors that interact with each other across the collector. There is a fan for cooling the system. With high-frequency overloads, the condenser of the compensating type manages in the system.

Also the voltage regulator circuit of "Resanta" includes diode bridges. Regulators in many models are installed conventional. Limitations on the load in the stabilizers "Resant" is. In general, interference is perceived by all. The disadvantages are the high noise level of the transformers.

The scheme of models with a voltage of 220 V

The circuit of the voltage stabilizer 220 V differs from other devices in that it has a control unit. This element is connected directly to the regulator. Just behind the filtration system is a diode bridge. To stabilize the oscillations, a circuit of transistors is additionally provided. At the output after the winding is a capacitor.

Overloads in the system are handled by a transformer. The current is converted by it. In general, the power range of these devices is quite high. Work these stabilizers are capable and at sub-zero temperature. By noise they do not differ from other types of models. The sensitivity parameter is highly dependent on the manufacturer. It is also affected by the type of controller installed.

Principle of operation of impulse stabilizers

The circuit of the electric voltage stabilizer of this type is similar to the model of a relay analog. However, there are differences in the system. The main element in the circuit is considered to be a modulator. This device is engaged in that it reads the voltage values. Then the signal is transferred to one of the transformers. There is a complete processing of information.

To change the amperage, there are two transducers. However, in some models it is installed one. In order to cope with the electromagnetic field, a rectifier divider is used. When the voltage rises, it reduces the limiting frequency. In order for the current to flow to the winding, the diodes transmit the signal to the transistors. At the output, the stabilized voltage passes through the secondary winding.

High-frequency models of stabilizers

Compared to relay models, the high-frequency voltage regulator (the circuit is shown below) is more complicated, and more than two diodes are used in it. A distinctive feature of this type of instruments is considered to be high power.

Transformers in the circuit are designed for great interference. As a result, these devices are able to protect any home appliances in the house. The filtration system in them is tuned to various jumps. Due to voltage monitoring, the current value can vary. The indicator of the limiting frequency will then increase at the input, and decrease at the output. The transformation of the current in this circuit is carried out in two stages.

Initially, a transistor with a filter at the input is activated. At the second stage, the diode bridge is turned on. In order for the current conversion process to complete, the system needs an amplifier. It is installed, as a rule, between resistors. Thus, the temperature in the device is maintained at the proper level. In addition, the system takes into account the power source. The use of the protection unit depends on its operation.

Stabilizers for 15 V

For devices with a voltage of 15 V, a network voltage regulator is used, the circuit of which is quite simple in its structure. The sensitivity threshold of the instruments is at a low level. Models with an indication system are very difficult to meet. In filters they do not need, since the oscillations in the circuit are insignificant.

Resistors in many models are only at the output. Due to this, the conversion process takes place quite quickly. Input amplifiers are installed the most simple. Much in this case depends on the manufacturer. A voltage regulator is used (the scheme is shown below) of this type most often in laboratory studies.

Features of 5 V models

For devices with a voltage of 5 V use a special network voltage regulator. Their circuit consists of resistors, as a rule, no more than two. Only such stabilizers are used for the normal functioning of measuring devices. In general, they are quite compact, and work quietly.

Models of the SVK series

Models of this series are referred to stabilizers of the lateral type. Most often they are used in production to reduce the surges from the network. The connection diagram of the voltage regulator of this model provides for the presence of four transistors, which are arranged in pairs. Due to this, the current overcomes the lower resistance in the circuit. At the output of the system, there is a winding for the reverse effect. There are two filters in the scheme.

Due to the absence of a capacitor, the conversion process also occurs faster. To the disadvantages should be attributed greater sensitivity. On the electromagnetic field the device reacts very sharply. The regulator of the voltage regulator series SVK regulator provides, as well as the display system. The maximum voltage of the device is perceived to 240 V, and the deviation can not exceed 10%.

Automatic stabilizers "Ligao 220 V"

For signaling systems, the voltage regulator 220V is in demand from the company "Ligao". Its scheme is based on the work of thyristors. These elements can be used exclusively in semiconductor circuits. Today there are quite a few types of thyristors. By the degree of security they are divided into static, as well as dynamic. The first type is used with sources of electricity of various capacities. In turn, dynamic thyristors have their limits.

If we talk about the company "Ligao" voltage regulator (the scheme is shown below), then it has an active element. To a greater extent, it is intended for the normal operation of the regulator. It represents a set of contacts that are able to connect. This is necessary in order to increase or decrease the limiting frequency in the system. In other models of thyristors there may be several. They are installed among themselves by means of cathodes. As a result, the efficiency of the device can be significantly increased.

Low-frequency devices

To maintain devices with a frequency of less than 30 Hz, there is such a voltage regulator 220V. Its scheme is similar to the schemes of relay models with the exception of transistors. In this case, they are present with the emitter. Sometimes an additional controller is installed. Much depends on the manufacturer, as well as the model. The controller in the stabilizer is necessary for signal transmission to the control unit.

In order for the connection to be of high quality, manufacturers use an amplifier. It is installed, as a rule, at the entrance. At the output of the system, there is usually a winding. If you talk about the voltage limit of 220 V, you can find two capacitors. The current transmission coefficient of such devices is rather low. The reason for this is considered to be a small limiting frequency, which is a consequence of the controller's operation. However, the saturation coefficient is at a high level. In many respects it is connected with transistors, which are installed with emitters.

Why do we need ferro-resonance models?

FERR Resonance Voltage Regulators (shown below) are used in various industrial facilities. The sensitivity threshold at them is quite high due to powerful power supplies. Transistors are mostly installed in pairs. The number of capacitors depends on the manufacturer. In this case, this will affect the final threshold of sensitivity. To stabilize the voltage, thyristors are not used.

In this situation, the collector can cope with this task. Their gain is very high due to direct signal transmission. If we talk about volt-ampere characteristics, then the resistance in the circuit is maintained at the level of 5 MPa. In this case, this has a positive effect on the limiting frequency of the stabilizer. At the output, the differential resistance does not exceed 3 MPa. From high voltage in the system save transistors. Thus, current overloads can be avoided in most cases.

Stabilizers of the lateral type

The scheme for stabilizers of the lateral type is characterized by an increased coefficient of efficiency. The input voltage is then 4 MPa on the average. In this case, the pulsation is maintained at high amplitude. In turn, the output voltage of the stabilizer is 4 MPa. Resistors in many models are installed in the "MP" series.

The current regulation in the circuit is constant and due to this the limiting frequency can be reduced to 40 Hz. Dividers in amplifiers of this type work together with resistors. As a result, all functional nodes are interconnected. The DC amplifier is usually installed after the capacitor before the winding.