The principle of the infrared heater. Infrared heaters: characteristics

Infrared heater for the house emits IR rays like the sun. It is so called due to the fact that most of the heat that comes from our luminary is in this particular range of the spectrum. The principle of the infrared heater is quite simple, and the difficulties lie in the practical methods of implementing this device. It is worthwhile to consider what kind of instruments of this type exist today, and in passing to tell how they work.

Lamp equipment

The principle of the infrared lamp heater is close to how the sun itself works. In this suborder there are many devices, including halogen ones. Their essence is as follows: in an environment of inert gas, a nichrome spiral is placed, which is wound on a heat-resistant core, for example, a ceramic core. The action of the passing current leads to the effect described in the Joule-Lenz law. The whole point is that the total amount of heat depends on such factors as the resistance of the material, the voltage at the ends of the spiral, the time of the current.

Nichrome, which is characterized by solid resistance, is intended to enhance the effect. Gradually, the heating of the helix is red-hot, which leads to the onset of active radiation in the infrared range. Glow is ensured when the temperature reaches at least 500 degrees Celsius. Often, the spiral is heated up to higher values. The inert gas provides radiation without any losses, after which it reaches the glass bulb of the heater lamp. For this part, quartz sand is used as a material, which perfectly transmits the waves of the operating range. That is why an infrared heater for a house is characterized by minimal energy losses, often even zero.

Heat Dissipation

Then the radiation is inside the room. It is worth noting that most of the heater lamps are symmetrical about their axis. This makes it possible to obtain uniform radiation in all directions. To remedy this, an infrared lamp is placed in the focus of a special reflector with a mirror surface. For this purpose, stainless steel is usually used. Ideally, it should be silver, which is applied to the back of good quality glass. But this will be too fragile and expensive option, because of which it would be difficult to produce relatively cheap infrared heaters for the home.

In addition to everything described, in its very center there is a dead zone, which is blocked by the lamp itself. But this trifle does not reduce all the advantages of infrared heaters, and the efficiency of the device is quite high.

Alternative developments

Lamps would work well even if there was a vacuum inside, but this technical solution has a couple of drawbacks. The product will be brittle, because it will be affected by the pressure of the atmosphere. The glass walls will need to be thicker, and this will not only reduce the efficiency of the device, but also increase its cost. The spiral starts to evaporate in a vacuum. Atoms in such conditions will leave the red-hot spiral, because of what it quickly deteriorates. Such wandering particles may well settle on the glass, which again affects the efficiency of the device. On the transparent shell will be formed a mirror surface, completely unnecessary in this case. Inert gases and special additives not only slow down these processes, but also help atoms to return to their places.

Results

That is why the lamp of the infrared heater is filled with special inert gases. Perhaps this slightly reduces the efficiency, but for halogens, the transmission spectrum is chosen so that the useful radiation is delayed to a minimum. In this case, we can still talk about an insignificantly small layer of gas inside the lamp in comparison with the atmosphere.

So the real sun is obtained, not heating the air, giving heat to the bodies located under it. For the bedroom, you can recommend a device such as an infrared heater ceiling. Reviews of him say that the focus of power flow is best directed to the feet of a lying person, then the heat will be distributed evenly, creating the most comfortable conditions.

Models for country cottages

There are not only infrared heaters electric, but also gas. They can be light and dark. The division into such categories depends on whether a fire observer or a hot ceramic lattice is visible to the observer of the device. You can consider the device is a fairly simple device, aimed at use in restaurants or in the country. Since there is burning gas inside, it is clear that there must be a path for the movement of the substance inside. At the foot is a gas cylinder hidden from the eyes of the people with a special plinth of rather massive dimensions. Slightly higher than the steel intake duct, there is a furnace equipped with a ceramic heat-resistant grating. The products of combustion leave through a kind of chimney, which slightly rises above the device.

Types of gas heaters

The device height is about 1.8 meters, and the structure itself is presented in two varieties: a fungus and a fireplace. The first type is similar to a beach umbrella. In its wide base there is a gas cylinder, and in the leg there is a pipe that feeds gas upward. The hearth is under the hat, and there is a process of burning the flame. The conical shape of the umbrella is chosen for a reason. This is a kind of reflector for infrared radiation. It reflects all the energy in a circle, heating all who are near. For gatherings in the fresh air are suitable for such infrared heaters. The characteristics of these devices allow you to spend time outdoors in cool weather with proper comfort.

The second type is actually a fireplace, which in the furnace housed a vertically placed heat resistant ceramic lattice exposed to a flame. When it is red-hot, it begins to give light and heat in large quantities. To focus the flow fireplace has a limited portal. Heating occurs only for the sector by about 30 degrees. This option is very good for organizing a romantic evening together.

The first type supplies the warmth all around, however, provided there is a slight distance from it (i.e., it is not necessary to leave the range of the reflector to warm up). But it's useless to sit directly at the foot.

Gas heater: how is it arranged?

Such an infrared heater for home can be built-in or mobile. In the first case it is a device in the form of a wall fireplace. The supply of blue fuel is made by means of a special yellow tube entering through the wall from the street. In the same way, another one is installed, which is used for air intake and combustion products. Its diameter is slightly larger. Output and input streams pass one way, but they are separated by a steel wall.

If it is a mobile device, then it is mounted in a hollow steel casing, with the balloon occupying the main part inside. The front part is equipped with a grate, heated by gas. It emits light through the portal. The release of gas occurs right here, so these devices are highly not recommended for use in living quarters. For the garage, an open flame is also a considerable danger.

How does the gas appliance work?

You can consider the principle of the infrared heater, running on gas. If it is a stationary version, then it is placed on the wall, and the gas and coaxial pipes are drawn through the wall and are located behind the body of the device. The flame here looks yellow and alive, flashing a heat-resistant ceramic lattice. The portal is protected by refractory glass, so there is no question of an open flame. The intake of air is carried out from the outside, there is also an emission of exhaust gases. Such devices are quite good household infrared heaters, from which you can get not only the desired heat, but also give a home of comfort and coziness due to the presence of such an interior item.

Film models

Now we know that it is possible to obtain a strong stable infrared radiation only if the body is heated to a temperature of 500 degrees Celsius. And a person with a temperature of 36.6, it turns out, also emits infrared waves 9 m in length. To enhance this meager effect for rooms, special film devices are now being created that operate at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius. This technology is revolutionary, while providing full fire safety. So they got an infrared heater ceiling.

Reviews of such devices speak for their extreme efficiency with absolute safety. The "Armstrong" system looks like a usual polyurethane foam tile, inside of which there is a foil. An electric current is passed through it. Special insulation, located on top, provides the direction of heat from the device strictly down. The principle of the infrared heater in this case is this: after the start of heating, the tile material gets its share, and when there is no energy to go, it goes down directly to the floor. As a result, the sun turns out to be a square in the entire ceiling. This type of device is not at all dangerous.

Pros of infrared heaters

The first and main advantage of such devices is instant heating of the room. Infrared heaters are capable of heating a large area of the house in just 30 minutes. This is a very important point, especially for regions with a cold climate. In large buildings, this becomes especially significant. It is for this reason that infrared heaters, whose characteristics indicate their orientation to large areas, are particularly popular in the production of equipment for workshops.

Absolute safety of operation of such a device is another of its advantages. Even if it falls, the fire does not start. Therefore, household infrared heaters can also be used in wooden houses. This device does not burn oxygen, which is another obvious advantage. Even with its continued operation there will be no impression that it became stuffy. Infrared heaters "Peony" do not create in the presence of extraneous noise, typical for wind turbines.

With the use of such devices, you can improve your health. Scientists have proven the benefit of such radiation for humans. Waves that emit infrared heaters "Peony", recognized as "rays of life," since this type of radiation suppresses the growth of cancer cells, normalizes the production of insulin in patients with diabetes.

Existing shortcomings

The main disadvantage of using such devices is that they can negatively affect the old paintings placed with them in the same room. In particular, it is noticed that infrared heaters "Bilux" dry the canvas of the picture. However, this can be corrected: it is necessary to stop the humidifier next to the appliance. This combination will normalize the humidity in the room.

Some believe that a household infrared heater, reviews about which the users are mostly only positive, consumes a lot of energy. This is relevant only for large areas. In other cases, their consumption is comparable to oil devices. Very convenient infrared heater ceiling, reviews of which indicate its convenience, ease of operation and exceptional benefit to humans.