The history of the princes Golitsyn. Vasily Golitsyn (prince) - the ancestor of the older branch of the Golitsyn family

The genus of the princes Golitsyn has a rather long and interesting history. She devoted a lot of works of genealogists. The founder of one of the branches of this family, Vasily Vasilievich, has a special glory. We will study the biography of this personality, as well as the history of the princes Golitsyn.

The emergence of the genus Golitsynykh

The Golitsyn family originates from the Grand Lithuanian prince Gedimin and his son Narimont. The son of the latter, Patrick, in 1408, went to the service of the Moscow prince Vasily I. Thus the Patrikeyev family was founded.

The grandson of Yuri (Patrik's son) - Ivan Vasilyevich Patrikeev - was nicknamed Bulgak. Therefore, all of his children began to write as princes Bulgakov. One of the sons of Ivan - Mikhail Bulgakov - received the nickname Golitsa, and all thanks to his habit of wearing a left hand glove. His only son, Yuri, who was in the service of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, was sometimes written as Bulgakov, and sometimes as Golitsyn. But already the descendants of the latter were called exclusively princes Golitsyns.

Separation into four branches

Yuri Bulgakov-Golitsyn had sons - Ivan and Vasily Golitsyn. Vasily Bulgakov had three sons, although all of them were childless. This branch Golitsyny broke. One of the sons of Yuri Bulgakov-Golitsyn was the commander and statesman of the period Smuta Vasily Vasilyevich.

But the line of Ivan Yurievich gave numerous offspring. His grandson Andrei Andreevich had four sons who were the ancestors of the branches of the Golitsyn family: Ivanovichi, Vasilievichi, Mikhailovich and Alekseevich.

Early life of Vasily Golitsyn

Prince Vasily Golitsyn was born in 1643 in Moscow. He was the son of a boyar Vasily Andreevich Golitsyn, who held high posts under the tsar, and Tatyana Romodanovskaya. The family had four children, but given that the eldest son Ivan did not leave descendants after himself, Basil became the ancestor of the older branch of the princes Golitsyns - Vasilievich.

Vasily Golitsyn lost his father at the age of nine, after which the care of his son and other children was completely entrusted to the shoulders of his mother. The young prince had a passion for knowledge of the sciences and received a good home education at that time.

In the civil service

With the onset of fifteen years a new stage of his life began: Vasily Golitsyn (prince) joined the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. He occupied the posts of a cupper, a steward and a driver. But especially to advance in the service Prince Vasily Golitsyn became after the accession of Fedor Alekseevich in 1676. He was immediately granted a boyar post.

Under Tsar Fedor Vasily Golitsyn rose in a rather short time. Already in 1676 he was instructed to deal with the issues of Little Russia (present-day Ukraine), so he left for Putivl. It should be noted that Vasily Golitsyn perfectly fulfilled his tasks. The prince after that had to face the Turkish-Tatar threat, especially aggravated in 1672-1681, when the Russian-Turkish war was going on, participated in the Chigirinsky campaigns. In 1681, the Bakhchsarai Peace Treaty was concluded , which actually established the status quo. After that Vasily Golitsyn returned to Moscow.

Having led the Vladimir court order, Basil closely approached with the sister of the Tsar Tsarevna Sophia and her relatives Miloslavsky. At the same time he became the head of the commission, who headed the reforms in the army, which in no small measure contributed to the strengthening of the Russian army, to which the future victories of Peter the Great serve as a vivid proof.

Elevation

In 1982, Tsar Feodor died. As a result of the Strelets' uprising, Tsaritsa Sophia came to power, which favored Prince Golitsyn. She became the regent with the young brothers Ivan and Petr Alekseevich. Vasyl Golitsyn was appointed head of the ambassadorial order. The prince began to actually manage the foreign policy of the Russian kingdom.

And the times were troubled: relations with the Commonwealth, with which Russia was de jure at war, became aggravated; The fighting with the Crimean Tatars began despite the recently concluded peace treaty of Bakhchisaray. All these questions had to be solved by Vasily Vasilievich. In general, in this regard, he acted quite successfully, preventing a direct clash with the Poles and Turks at a time when Russia was not profitable.

However, Vasily Golitsyn was distinguished by pro-European views and always sought a rapprochement with Western states to oppose Turkish expansion. In this regard, he temporarily abandoned the struggle for access to the Baltic Sea, confirming in 1683 the treaty concluded earlier with the Swedes. Three years later the Golitsyn embassy concluded the Eternal Peace with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, legally completed the Russian-Polish war, which lasted from 1654 onwards. Under this treaty, Russia and the Commonwealth of Poland pledged to launch military operations against the Ottoman Empire. In this regard, the next Russian-Turkish war began, in which our troops in 1687 and 1689 were not very successful Crimean campaigns.

One of the most famous diplomatic events of that time was the conclusion of the Nerchinsk Treaty with the Qing Empire. This was the first official document that laid the foundation for the history of centuries-old diplomatic relations between Russia and China. Although it must be said that, in general, this treaty was not favorable for Russia.

During the reign of Tsarevna Sophia Alekseevna Vasily Golitsyn became not just the leading figure in the country's foreign policy, but also the most influential official in the state, in fact being the head of the government.

Opal and death

Despite his talents as a statesman, Vasily Golitsyn to a large extent owed his elevation to the fact that he was a favorite of the princess Sophia. And this predetermined his fall.

Upon reaching adulthood, Peter I removed Sofia Alexeyevna from power, and Golitsyn tried to obtain the Emperor's admission, but he was refused. Vasily Vasilyevich was taken into custody on charges of unsuccessful Crimean campaigns and that he acted in the interests of the regent, and not the tsars Peter and Ivan. His life was not deprived only thanks to the intercession of his cousin - Boris Alekseevich, who was the tutor of Peter I.

Vasily Golitsyn was deprived of the boyar rank, but was left in princely dignity. He and his family were waiting for the eternal reference. At first, Kargopol was appointed the place of her serving, but then the exiles were transported several times to other places. The last point of the reference was the village of Kologory of the Arkhangelsk Province, where the all-powerful statesman died in 1714 in obscurity.

The family of Vasily Golitsin

Was twice married to Vasily Golitsyn. Prince the first marriage was combined with Feodosia Dolgorukova, but she died, and did not give him children. Then Vasily Vasilievich married the daughter of boyar Ivan Streshnev - Evdokia. From this marriage there were six children: two daughters (Irina and Evdokia) and four sons (Alexei, Peter, Ivan and Mikhail).

After the death of Vasily Golitsyn, the family was allowed to return from exile. The elder son of Prince Alexei Vasilyevich suffered from a disorder of reason, because of what he could not be in the civil service. All his life he lived in the estate, where he died in 1740. From the marriage with Martha Kvashnina he had a son, Mikhail, who fell into disgrace with the Empress Anna Ioannovna and became a court clown with her. He died in 1775.

Another son of Vasily Golitsyn, Mikhail, became famous for his service in the Navy. He was married to Tatiana Neelova, but had no children.

Dmitry Golitsyn - statesman of the Petrine era

One of the most outstanding statesmen of his time was Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn. The prince, born in 1665, was the son of the ancestor of the Mikhailovich Mikhail Andreevich branch and, therefore, was his cousin Vasily Vasilievich, of whom we spoke above. But, unlike his relative, he must be grateful to Peter the Great for his exaltation.

His first significant post was the post of a steward under the tsar. Later, Prince Dmitry Golitsyn participated in the Azov campaigns and in the Northern War. But his main achievements were in the civil service. In 1711-1718 he was the Governor of Kiev, in 1718-1722 - President of the Chamber of Commerce, which corresponded to the current position of Minister of Finance. In addition, Dmitry Mikhailovich became a member of the Senate. Under Peter II, from 1726 to 1730, was a member of the Supreme Privy Council, and from 1727 - president of the Commerce Board (Minister of Commerce).

But with the coming to power of the Empress Anna Ioanovna (whose name he himself called when choosing a candidate worthy to occupy the throne), because he tried to legislatively restrict its power, was disgraced. In 1736, he was imprisoned in the Shlisselburg Fortress, where he died the following year.

Mikhail Golitsyn - General of the times of Peter the Great

Dmitry Golitsyn's brother was born in 1675, Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich. He became famous as a famous military leader.

Prince Mikhail Golitsyn proved himself well during the time of the Azov campaigns of Peter I (1695-1696), but gained real fame during the Northern War. It was he who led many brilliant operations against the Swedes, in particular in the Battle of Grengam (1720).

Already after the death of Peter I Prince Golitsyn was awarded the highest military rank of General-Field Marshal at that time, and under Peter II became a senator. From 1728 until his death (1730) he was president of the military collegium.

Mikhail Mikhailovich was twice married. He had 18 children from both marriages.

It is noteworthy that one of his younger brothers, oddly enough, was also called Michael (born in 1684). He also gained fame on the military path, participating in the Northern War. And from 1750 until his death in 1762, he directed the entire Russian fleet, being the president of the Admiralty College.

Alexander Golitsyn is the continuer of his father's business

One of the sons of General-Field Marshal Mikhail Mikhailovich was Prince Alexander Golitsyn, born in 1718. He also became famous in the military field. He was one of the leaders of Russian troops during the Seven Years' War against Prussia (1756-1763), as well as during the Russian-Turkish Won (1768-1774), which ended with the signing of the famous Kyuchuk-Kainarji World.

For his services to the Fatherland and military capabilities, like his father, was awarded the rank of general-field marshal. In 1775, as well as from 1780 to death in 1783, was Governor-General of St. Petersburg.

Their marriage with Princess Darya Gagarina was childless.

Peter Golitsyn is the winner of Pugachev

The younger son of Mikhail Golitsyn, the brother who was president of the Admiralty College, was Prince Peter Golitsyn, born in 1738. Even in his early youth, he participated in the Seven Years and Russian-Turkish wars. But the historical fame acquired as a man commanding the troops aimed at suppressing the insurrection of Pugachev, which shook the Russian empire. For the victory over Pugachev was elevated to the rank of lieutenant-general.

It is not known how much benefit Peter the Great would have brought to the Russian state if, in the same year 1775, at the age of 38, he had not been killed in a duel.

Lev Golitsyn - famous winemaker

Prince Lev Golitsyn was born in 1845 in the family of Sergei Grigorievich, who belonged to the Alekseevichs branch. He became famous as an industrialist and an entrepreneur. It was he who established the industrial production of wines in the Crimea. So this region is winemaking not least thanks to Lev Sergeyevich.

Died on the eve of the era of change in 1916.

Golitsyn today

At the moment the Golitsyn family is the most numerous Russian princely family. At present, there are three of its four branches: Vasilievichi, Alekseevich and Mikhailovich. The branch of Ivanoviches was cut off in 1751.

The Golitsyn family gave Russia many outstanding statesmen, commanders, businessmen, artists.