Education, The science
The formula of baking soda. Food soda: formula, application
Sometimes a completely ordinary and from childhood familiar substance is almost a panacea for many diseases and ailments. It's just that not everyone knows this. One of these compounds is the usual baking soda, stored in each in the locker in the kitchen. It turns out that it serves not only as a means to improve the quality of baking, but also as a medicine, degreaser, bleach and even a disinfectant. We will become acquainted with this substance in more detail.
Chemical basis of soda
The correct name for this compound from the point of view of chemistry is sodium bicarbonate. There are a number of names that are used in everyday life and chemistry to refer to this substance:
- bicarbonate of soda;
- baking soda;
- Drinking soda;
- sodium bicarbonate;
- Additive Е 500.
However, any of them reflects the only true essence - it's soda.
The empirical formula
The formula of baking soda is NaHCO 3 . That is, by its nature, this substance is a salt of carbonic acid, belonging to the category of acidic. Since the compound is formed by strong alkali and a weak acid, then during hydrolysis (in aqueous solution) there will be an alkaline reaction of the medium. The solution in the water of baking soda has a pH of 8.1. The acid salt is formed easily by the interaction of sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, the process is expressed by the following reaction equation:
NaOH + H 2 CO 3 = NaHCO 3 + H 2 O
The empirical formula of baking soda shows the quantitative and qualitative composition of the compound, on the basis of which one can draw a conclusion about the spatial structure of the molecule: the positively charged cation Na + in the outer sphere and the negatively charged hydrogen carbonate ion HCO 3 - in the inner.
The carbon atom coordinates around itself three oxygen atoms, with one of which forms a double bond. Also one of the oxygen atoms combines with the hydrogen cation, forming a hydroxo group. The third atom of oxygen in the form of an ion is associated near the sodium cation. Thus, the valencies of each element included in this compound are compensated.
Physical properties
Whatever name we give to this substance - food, drinking, carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate - its formula is still unified and gives an idea of physical properties. So, the appearance of soda is a fine powder. Its color is white. It is very soluble in water and practically insoluble in organic solvents (alcohol, for example). In the open air it does not decompose. The decomposition begins when the ambient humidity is high. The products of complete decomposition with increasing temperature are sodium carbonate (middle salt), carbon dioxide and water:
NaHCO 3 = Na 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
Sodium bicarbonate has no smell, the taste is slightly salty, with a taste of alkali. When dissolved in water, alkaline solutions of different concentrations are produced.
Brief information about the history of discovery and use of soda
The first information about sodium bicarbonate appeared in the ancient civilization of Egypt. It was in those parts that several lakes containing natural sources of soda were distributed. During drying, these lakes were given soda as a white powder, and people collected it. It was used by the Egyptians as one of the components in the manufacture of mummification facilities. The formula of baking soda was not known at that time.
Specifically, as a chemical compound, the substance was studied much later, around the 18th century. It was then that scientists were interested in this powder, formed by natural natural way. Careful analysis of the composition made it possible to determine the qualitative and quantitative component of the compound. So there was a modern formula of baking soda.
A great contribution to the development of ideas about the substance and its properties was introduced by the Italian physician Tullio Simoncini. He owns experiments, according to the results of which soda - an option for the treatment of cancerous tumors. However, to date, accurate data, it is confirmatory, no.
Areas of use
Due to its ability to readily dissolve in water, and also to interact with acids, resulting in the reaction of carbon dioxide, soda is used in several areas of industry and everyday life. Namely, such as:
- Pharmaceuticals and medicine;
- Chemical industry;
- light industry;
- The food industry.
Let's consider in more detail each of the directions.
Application in medicine
The main thing on which the use of a substance in medicine is based is its ability to restore the water-alkaline balance in the digestive tract. The compound NaHCO 3 refers to antacid treatment. The formula of baking soda indicates the presence of hydroxide ions, which perform the function of neutralizing increased acidity in the body. Therefore, most often a solution in water of sodium bicarbonate is used to eliminate symptoms of heartburn. However, this is not the only area of disease where the substance can be used.
- When treating catarrhal diseases, baking soda relieves cough, as it helps to liquefy and excrete sputum from the lungs and bronchi. Also with it you can do inhalation with ARVI.
- As a bactericidal and anti-inflammatory agent also used food soda. Its formula reflects the presence of hydrogen cations H + , which provide this effect.
- For treatment of cardiovascular diseases (arrhythmia and hypertension) a weak solution in water of sodium bicarbonate is used.
- With diarrhea and vomiting, the use of soda together with salt makes it possible to replenish the body's water supply and restore the necessary balance.
- The substance is able to destroy fungal diseases, so it is used to remove the foot fungus, make a syringing solution with thrush, and wash the eyes with inflammation of the conjunctiva.
- Due to bleaching properties, soda is used for cleaning teeth.
- A weak solution allows you to get rid of itching with skin rashes (or insect bites).
- Treatment of burns of an initial degree.
- Liberation of the body from salts of heavy metals.
- There is a removal of stress and fatigue, as well as getting rid of excess weight by using a warm bath with NaHCO 3 and essential oils.
The benefits and harms of baking soda when used for medical purposes, including in cosmetology, can be said a lot. The main rule of application of this remedy, like any other medicine, is not to neglect the recommendations for dosage. Incorrect use can cause harm to health.
Food soda: formula and use in the chemical industry
The main area in which sodium bicarbonate is used is household chemicals. Soda can act as a soft abrasive for cleaning surfaces and degreasing them. It is also used as raw material in the manufacture of dyes, foams and fluorine compounds. In addition, based on NaHCO 3 , fire extinguishing agents are made.
It is impossible to imagine how household chemicals would develop without sodium bicarbonate. Baking soda is an important and necessary component for many chemical syntheses.
Light industry
For the treatment of surfaces in the manufacture of rubber, rubber soles and products used food soda. The formula, use, harm and benefit of sodium bicarbonate in light industry is a separate topic for study. In short, the role of NaHCO 3 is reduced to the use in the manufacture of textiles and artificial leather. In this case, harm manifests itself in the appearance of burns, if contact with the substance took place too long and the hands were not protected. The benefit is that soda is an excellent additive and degreaser for leather tanning and its production, as well as a good fabric bleach in the textile business.
Food industry
The formula of baking soda in chemistry reflects the essence of the processes in reactions with acids. For example, with acetic acid, the interaction will be described by the following equation:
NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH = CH 3 COONa + H 2 CO 3
In this case, the formed carbonic acid, being very unstable, immediately decomposes into CO 2 and H 2 O. It is on this feature of the reactions that the use of sodium bicarbonate in the food industry is based. After all, to make baking, you need to put out the soda with vinegar, add the mixture to the dough for its porosity and better structure. The reaction of quenching of soda refers to the type of neutralization reactions and is accompanied by a spectacular effect of foaming and hissing.
The use of soda makes baking very soft, fragrant and beautiful, so the food industry is one of the main industries where this substance is used extensively. Also sodium bicarbonate is used in bakery, in the manufacture of various confectionery products. In addition, it is also used for the formation of gas bubbles in effervescent beverages (carbonated water, champagne and sparkling wines, mineral water).
Baking soda: properties and treatment. Harm and contraindications for use
In fact, the use of soda is quite widespread in a wide variety of industries and households, as we have seen before. Its unusual healing, antibacterial, whitening, soothing and healing properties are used in the treatment of various ailments. However, like any other medicine, soda also has the opposite side. It can be harmful and very dangerous for health. Her testimony to the use is obvious, but no less important are the contraindications, which we will consider in more detail.
Harm and contraindications for use
There are several main reasons why soda can become an enemy, not a friend and an assistant.
- With prolonged use of the solution, an acidic ricochet effect occurs. This is the process by which an excessive amount of carbon dioxide is released in the body, leading to increased acidity and increased gas removal, bloating.
- Long contact with the powder can cause irritation and rashes on the skin.
- The ingress of dry powdered soda into the eyes, nose or other mucous membranes of the body causes chemical burns.
- When using powder for teeth whitening, tooth enamel is thinner and worse.
- Frequent use of NaHCO 3 inside can cause a feeling of unbearable nausea.
Therefore, it is obvious that not only a positive role for a person plays food soda. Benefits and harm, treatment are ambiguous aspects. Before using sodium bicarbonate everywhere to get rid of various ailments, you should consult a doctor. If you use soda in everyday life (cleaning surfaces, whitening tissues, etc.), then do not neglect the simplest means of protection for contactless use of the substance.
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