Sporadic is the incidence rate outside the epidemic

Sporadic incidence is one of the phenomena that make up the epidemic process and the manifestation of the weakest manifestation of the epidemic (epizootic) process.

The links of the epidemic process

• Sporadic incidence.
• Epidemic.
• Pandemic.

What is sporadic incidence

Sporadic - this means an individual, registering from case to case, irregularly.

Sporadic incidence is usually called the frequency of detectability of a certain disease at a level characteristic of the studied area, the current time of the year or the corresponding features of a single population.

In other words, sporadic disease is a disease, the cases of which are distributed relatively evenly in the population and are not linked by epidemic dependence and the common source of infection, as well as having no signs of an inherited, family disease. A quantitative criterion for sporadic morbidity is the incidence of no more than ten cases per hundred thousand of the population.

The main causes of sporadic diseases

• Neuroendocrine changes in the body.
• Violations of normal embryogenesis.
• Pathology of pregnancy (in particular occlusive vascular lesions).
• Spontaneous mutations.

Examples and features

• The sporadic goiter. The disease is ubiquitous and is associated, rather, with neurohormonal disruptions occurring in the body. If such a disease reveals a connection with the characteristics of the composition of soil or water in a given locality, then this case is not sporadic. This phenomenon should be referred to endemic pathology.
• Sporadic hemiplegic migraine. The case of migraine is registered as sporadic - this is when the clinical picture characteristic of the given form (migraine with aura manifested by hemiparesis, in extreme cases - up to hemiplegia lasting up to one hour) does not occur in an anamnesis of any of the relatives. Sporadic migraine should be differentiated from other forms of this disease, which have similar symptoms, as well as disorders of cerebral circulation, including transient ones.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Character in most cases sporadic. This disease also has a family form transmitted through an autosomal dominant path of inheritance. It is registered in ten percent of cases from the general level of morbidity and has certain anatomical and clinical features that help to differentiate it with a sporadic variant.