Small-caliber rifles: characteristics and price. Sporting and hunting small-caliber rifles

Small-caliber rifles were initially positioned as a means for developing training in the shooting of broad masses, as well as for strengthening existing skills. It was believed that if a person mastered the art of a precision hit from this type of gun, he would very quickly master and combat weapons.

general information

The widest application in our country has received TOZ. It was them during the Great Patriotic War that our partisans used. Small-sized rifles TOZ were developed at the Tula factory. The author and designer is the gunsmith D. Kochetov.

TOZ distinguishes the simplicity of the device. For a very long time, these weapons were used in school galleries and in DOSAAF. Representatives of the older generation perfectly know this model. The small-sized rifles of the TOZ brand feature reliability and operational reliability. Some models are used as hunting.

Modifications

After the war, several versions of this weapon were produced. The very first were TOZ-8 and TOZ-9. The latter is a five-charge magazine rifle, which was developed on the basis of the previous model.

But the special popularity of the weapons of this series was obtained after the Tula plant began to produce TOZ-11, -12 and -16. These lightweight small-caliber rifles were intended for hunter-fishers. Their weight was reduced to two kilograms. In addition, the designers of this modified model of TOZ-8 equipped the birch bed with a new one for those times.

And their efforts were appreciated. Produced from 1946 to 1957, these small-caliber rifles for hunting were awarded numerous awards and diplomas.

Construction TOZ

The ancestor of this sporting weapon had the following fighting properties: weight of 3.12 kg, rate of fire up to twelve rounds per minute, caliber - 5.6 millimeters, initial speed of bullet - up to 310 meters per second. In his steel box was placed a shutter with a trigger. Combat stops in TOZ-8 were absent. The triggering mechanism triggered the trigger from the platoon. The hook was fastened down at the rear end of the spring.

The barrel, intended for directing the flight of the bullets, had four cuts. They wagged left to right upward. The bullet passing through the trunk made about two turns. Small-sized rifles of the TOZ-8 brand had a sighting device intended for directing the cartridge to the target and giving it the required angle of aiming.

Features of TOZ-9

This modification from the previous one differs in that it is equipped with a magazine for five rounds and has a slightly longer stock end. Shooting from small-sized rifle TOZ-9 is carried out by special cartridges made of brass sleeve and lead bullet. Their impact composition from the impact ignites, igniting gunpowder. It is placed in the edge of the cartridge case. Apparently, therefore, shooting from a small-caliber rifle TOZ-9 is carried out by so-called side battle cartridges. From their military counterparts, they differ in that they do not have a capsule with an impact composition located in the center of the cap of the cartridge cases.

Shooting

All small-sized TOZ rifles have excellent accuracy. To them, cartridges of two kinds are suitable: ordinary and PTB - precise battle. A skillful shooter can get into the top ten of a circle by five bullets, fired at a distance of fifty meters.

Released from the barrel of small-caliber weapons, the cartridge flies to a thousand meters, retaining its lethal force to eight hundred of them, which means that within this distance, shooting from such a rifle, it is possible to inflict a mortal wound on both a person and an animal.

At a short distance, for example, fifty meters, a bullet punches a dry tree six centimeters thick or a millimeter iron sheet.

History of the creation of hunting modifications

Some believe that the characteristics of a small-caliber rifle do not allow it to be used for catching an animal. Nevertheless, this weapon, which in the people is called affectionately "tiny", has been used for a long time for hunting purposes. With him went mainly to fur-mining. In the USSR, rifled weapons were under actual prohibition. However, small-caliber rifles for hunting, the price of which was then quite high, helped to extract the "currency", which was considered a fur animal.

Today, there are self-loading models, the principle of which is based on the release of a free shutter, as well as modifications with accelerated manual recharging.

Combat Weapons

Today small-caliber rifles are used mainly for hunting and shooting sports, and, surprisingly, during special operations. Their use in combat operations is real facts. Military personnel in this rifle are attracted by the accuracy and characteristics of the bullet. After all, it has small power, which in some extreme situations is simply vital. After an accurate hit, the bullet most likely disables the target. There are even specially designed modifications, the basis for which were sports small-bore rifles used in biathlon. These samples are equipped with optics, a removable silencer and a butt.

Types of weapons for hunting

Today, hunters-fishers use basically two types: a smooth-bore "chopper" and a small-bore rifle. The main difference between these types is the presence or, of course, the lack of cutting inside the trunk, which makes it possible to load ammunition with more or, conversely, less lethal force.

Small-caliber rifles for hunting, the price of which depends on the year of release of the model, and also on the time of use, when it comes to used ones, have smooth cylindrical surfaces inside their trunk, except for the model created by the "paradox" system.

The double-barreled gun, considered to be a reliable, popular classic variant, is called exactly the kind of equipment from which it is necessary to begin the training of any arrow-future fishers. Smoothbore "little bag" with flaps, which need to be "broken" for the construction, experts call the safest and easiest for amateur hunters at the initial stage of their career.

It is this type of small-caliber weapons that are permitted by law for use by those who only learn the basics of shooting. And only after five years of using the smoothbore the citizen gets the right to use any of the existing types of rifled weapons.

Overview of the range

The most popular on the hunting weapons market of our country are now considered non-self-loading magazine carbines TOZ-78 and Sobol. Some options, such as SM-2KO or BI-7-2KO, produced at the Izhevsk Rifle Mill, are much less known. Some of the hunters know about these carbines only by hearsay, which can not be said about sportsmen and biathletes. They sport small-bore rifles SM-2 and BI-7-2 are well-known.

Differences of the hunting variant from a sports "colleague" are such characteristics as a truncated barrel and a lightweight bed, as well as a much simpler sighting device. As a result of a special factory revision, good rifles were obtained for hunting small animals and game.

Cost

According to the price scale, experts do not specify specific figures, small-caliber carbines as follows: the cheapest from the domestic model line is TOZ-78. Then, CM-2KO followed, CM-2KO followed, followed by BI-7-2KO and, finally, Sobol.

And this is not surprising. "Sable" is quite deservedly considered to be one of the best in quality workmanship. Do not give up and its consumer properties with a design performance. Therefore, this model is the most expensive.

For example, "Sable Premier" with two spare shops in the butt stock and with a crank-and-rod mechanism can be purchased at a price of fifty-two thousand rubles. Its other modifications without an optical sight with a fork of birch will cost two times cheaper. "Nut" performance is slightly more expensive - from forty thousand rubles.

The most inexpensive in the domestic model range are the TOZ rifles. For example, rifles with manually carried out reloading, entirely drum type and closed front sight can be purchased for only nine thousand. However, there are models that are produced in souvenir performance. They can be highly artistic hand-engraved, gilt and even inlaid with precious metals. Such gift options are much more expensive. However, they are not in series production, and therefore are produced by units.