Skeleton-panel house: owner feedback and construction technology

The house should be comfortable for the family, and when designing it, the wishes of all its members should be taken into account. After drawing up the sketch, you need a detailed project. It can be ordered from the architect or use a specialized program.

The foundation and supporting elements of the frame-panel house are made on the building site, and its assembly is made, as in the children's designer - from the modules manufactured at the factory. Do not be confused with other fast-erecting structures of a frame-panel house. The owners' comments show that the technology of erection here is completely different and requires high professionalism. Ready modules can be in the form of small panels or individual sections of factory assembly. This makes it possible to build skeleton-panel houses even faster and more efficiently . The photo below shows how to install the finished wall.

What to look for when building a house

First of all, before building a house you need to determine its purpose. The buildings for seasonal and permanent residence are significantly different. All the characteristics are incorporated in the design, and it will be difficult and expensive to remodel in the future.

Before you build a frame-panel house, you need to study its features. The main of them is the assembly of the finished structure without any podpilok and fits.

Panels

Reviews of frame-panel houses with sandwich panels show the possibility of purchasing decent housing for a reasonable price. A material that is quite difficult to make is at least a three-layered element with a rigid shell and an internal thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene, fiberglass or mineral wool. The outer part is made of fibreboard, metal, polymer and even gypsum board. Lightweight products are used to install the roof, and from the heavier they erect walls and ceilings.

Depending on the design features, the sandwich panels are mounted in two different ways. In the first case, they are installed between the racks of the finished frame.

If the rack is included in the body of the panel, then it is mounted, sequentially attaching to the next and the floor. On their sites outside the city, you can quickly assemble the frame-panel houses (photo below).

Builders receive immediately ready-made kit, from which the whole building is created, starting from the wall panels and ending with the roof. The equipment can include heating, pipes, lighting and finishing materials.

Which is better to choose a frame-panel house? The feedback of the owners reflects all their advantages and disadvantages. For each structure an important indicator is always the foundation.

Choosing a foundation

The construction of frame-panel houses is carried out in 1-2 floors. Often the upper floor is made of mansard type. For such a house does not require a powerful buried foundation. It may be necessary if you plan to place a basement or an underground garage below. The most common are the following versions of foundations for light houses: ribbon shallow, columnar or assembled from concrete blocks. Reviews of frame-panel houses show the reliability of the pile-screw foundation. It can be mounted in a few hours with the help of technology and immediately proceed with construction.

In all cases it is necessary to create a rigid frame as the base. To do this, the ribbon foundation is reinforced, a monolithic grillage is used in the columnar, and the lower strapping of the house is firmly attached to the blocks. According to construction norms, such a connection must be in all cases.

On the screw piles immediately fix the lower strap from the wooden beam.

Structure of the frame

The frame of wood (as practical and affordable) is most often used.

Of metal, the construction is lighter, but it is more expensive by 35-45%. For the frame, oak is the best material. Other wood species are also suitable if the quality is good. The design will be reliable with a minimum amount of metal fasteners. For this, a connection of the "underwood" or "spike-groove" type and wooden nagels is used on the corners. All compounds are laid with jute, so that there are no bridges of cold.

For spatial rigidity, at least three braces are installed in the house.

Construction technology: frame-panel house

The technology includes a preliminary erection of the foundation, which must be done according to all the rules, in spite of a small load.

Foundation construction

First of all, an even area is prepared and pegged in accordance with the dimensions and internal bearing walls. Then, the wells are drilled below the freezing level of the soil. A layer of sand is poured onto the bottom and a layer of sand is poured, after which a bundle of reinforcing pillars is made and installed in pits. Then the formwork of the grill is mounted and a reinforcement frame is laid in it. It must be connected with the rods located in the pits. Across the formwork, one should lay short pipes for blows, and vertically install the studs to fix the strap with them. Pouring piles and grillage with concrete is best done simultaneously, in order to obtain a monolithic connection. It is also necessary to prepare in advance the places for the supporting columns of the lag and use the remaining concrete for their manufacture.

With a shallow basement of communication will pass through the soil between the piles. In this case, mortgages are not needed in the grillage. For water, the pipes must pass below the freezing level. To winter, they do not freeze, when the level is higher, they should be insulated.

After the concrete has hardened, the grillage is leveled by the screed. Above is waterproofing with melted bitumen and two layers of roofing material.

The frame is made in the following sequence: lower strapping, lags, vertical racks, top harness, joists, rafter system.

Installation of the lower strapping

On the aligned foundation, covered with waterproofing from two layers of roofing material, square beam (120 mm or 150 mm) is laid. The wood is covered with an antiseptic. In its absence, 10% copper or iron vitriol is suitable. Fastening of a binding to the foundation is made through 2 m threaded studs pre-filled in concrete. It must withstand the weight of the whole house and can be more powerful in accordance with the calculations of the loads. At the corners, a half-joint or a spike-groove is used. The horizontality of the strapping is checked by level. In addition, the sizes of the diagonals are determined.

Laying the log

The logs are made of boards that are installed on the edge in 0.6 m. Columns can be filled in advance. If they are not, then you need to drill the pits to a depth of 1 m, into which short pipes with a diameter of more than 100 mm are inserted and poured with concrete, then lifted, controlling the height of the tensioned cord. The distance between the adjacent supports is 1.2 m. The logs are laid on the strip foundation. Then the floor completely covers the entire lower frame. With a columnar foundation, the logs must be laid on the harness. It is also possible to connect them in the middle to ensure the position is at the same level. The upper part of all logs should be located in one horizontal plane, which is controlled by the level. Wooden structures are made from the same material to have the same expansion ratio.

Installation of racks and top piping

The racks are placed through 0.6 m, so that it would be convenient to mount the wall panels on them.

At the corners of the rack are made more powerful, installing a beam of 100x100 mm. To the harness it is fastened with staples and nails 120 mm. In between, put boards or uneven bars. Window and door openings are formed in advance in sandwich panels.

Stands are connected from above with another strapping. Its material and method of attachment is the same as that of the bottom.

Beams overlap

The length of the beams is limited to 6 m. A small span of 3-4 m is covered by boards 50x150 mm. They are installed by an edge on the upper strapping. When the span is expanded, the thickness of the beams is increased to 100 mm. They often attach a roof truss system.

Wall mounting

The walls are erected depending on the selected panels, which are inserted into the frame or are assembled with it. The height of the rooms should be at least 2400 mm so that there is no discomfort from the low ceilings and there is more air. The width of the panels is about 1.2 m. They are installed manually on self-tapping screws and mounting foam. The verticality of each panel is checked by level. The dimensions of the structure must be controlled, for which the plumb and roulette are used. With such mounting errors should be minimal. After the assembly of the facade, partitions are installed. In the attic, the ceilings will be inclined. The layout of the house is already laid in the factory and will be in accordance with the order. Therefore, in order to provide the necessary comfort in the rooms for the whole family, it is necessary to choose the frame-panel house correctly. The responses of the owners are contradictory, but the general picture about the quality of this or that model can be presented.

Windows occupy up to 20% of the area of the wall in which they are located. In the openings, which are pre-made in sandwich panels, boxes are placed, and frames with double-glazed windows are installed in them. There is also a space under the doors. For a summer stay, any window is suitable. Frame-panel house winter requires the installation of double-glazed windows in several layers. Windows can also be built into the roof slopes.

Roofing system erection

The rafters are sawed and fixed to the ends of the ceiling beams, taken out of the walls outward. First they are assembled and mounted on the ends of the house. After stringing the string and installing inner rafters through them, 0.6 m. For the construction of the beam or double board, the step of the installation is increased to 1 m. Strengthening of the bearing capacity of the structure is achieved by the use of runs, struts and racks. Perpendicular to the rafters, the lath is beaten, which is best done from the edging board.

Roof

The roof is selected in advance, depending on the climate, the design of the house, the taste and capabilities of the host. Materials for the manufacture of roofing systems, roofing and gutter can be supplied in the kit. Finished frame-panel houses, coming from plants, already contain everything you need. The continuous crate can be made in the form of panel panels, which speeds up the installation.

Under the lining material waterproofing is applied. Conditions must be created for airing the roofing cake.

Facing

Facing the house is made when the construction is completed. The facade must be ventilated. For the frame-panel house there can be no other options. Inside, it is finished using the usual technologies: painting, plastering, wallpapering, paneling, tiling.

Conclusion

Build a house quickly and at an affordable price allow modern technology and materials. For any domestic region is suitable frame-panel house. The owners' feedback on the quality of this novelty speak for themselves. The building is going for a short time and after moving in it immediately becomes warm and cozy.

These houses are almost completely created in factories, and the owner's task is to ensure that the chosen option meets all of its requirements. In addition, it is important to find experienced experts for assembly.