Russian folk ditties: for children and adults. Folk Russian chastushki funny

Russian oral folk art has a long history. One era succeeded another, the state often risked its existence, but the inhabitants did not allow the loss of their heritage. Passing through all the difficulties with his head proudly raised, the now prosperous Russian people have not lost their former greatness. Each event - the birth of a child, a wedding or harvest - was accompanied by cheerful songs and dances. Performers often changed, but the text was not forgotten and passed down from generation to generation. The most cheerful genre is considered to be Russian folk ditties - short rhymed songs, accompanied by dances and playing musical instruments.

The concept of folklore

The oral creativity of each ethnos is represented by various genres. Despite the lack of education of songwriters, legends and epics, folklore presents a serious philosophical conflict - the struggle against good and evil. The bright side always remained a winner, which explains the optimistic pathos of oral folk art.

Folklore differs from literature by its nature and life content, ideological essence, artistic system and the principles of creation and existence. This art created by ordinary villagers and villages for a wide range of people. Russian folk songs and chastushki reflect the vital problems and life of ordinary boys and girls, so their ideological and thematic content will always be relevant. No wonder that rhymed songs are often sung not only by villagers, but also by urban residents, and it is especially interesting to observe the evolution of the songs in the works of famous poets such as Sergei Yesenin, Alexander Blok, Vladimir Vysotsky, Bulat Okudzhava.

Poetics of ditties

Among all the genres of oral folk art, the chastushka is the youngest. Originating in the nineteenth century, short rhymed songs were widely spread during the years of the establishment of Soviet power. The scientist-Rusoved never succeeded in establishing who was the author of the first chastushka, so it is fair to say that all the Russian people made efforts to do this. The reason for the folding of the verse lines could serve as village events, the return of the soldier from the front, and love experiences. In view of the fact that the carriers were uneducated village peasants and women, Russian folk ditties appeared, which were called in every village differently: chants, shorties, sketches, korotushki, sobyrushki, turntables. Despite the satirical nature of the poetic lines, no one took offense at their writers, even if they recognized their actions and deeds in the imaginary image.

One day

Unlike epic or historical songs, which, having existed for a short time, changed in content and passed into other forms, the genre of chastushka will always be relevant due to its composition and thematic content. The rhymed songs often reflected the reaction to the newly occurring events in the social life of the settlement or of individual residents. The main characters and performers were mostly boys and girls. The actual theme of love in the chastushki acquired a new color and became not a high feeling, but a ruse, which sometimes had to be mocked.

Ouch-Hitch, oh-echko,
The sea has darkened.
I abandoned my girlfriend, me too,
We both have bitterness.

Regardless of the character - joyful or sad - Russian folk chastushki wore a positive color and were performed under the dance of girls or a harmonious play of the guys. In the text, the performers could not hesitate to talk about their secret experiences, appeal to listeners with requests or reproaches.

Views on the origin of the term

The forerunners of the songs were popular folk songs, which were called "frequent". The term was first used by writer Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky towards the end of the nineteenth century. Academician Aleksei Aleksandrovich Shakhmatov, who studied folklore, interpreted Russian folk ditches differently. The lyrics of the songs, as a rule, should be pronounced quickly, clearly and correspond to the rhythm of the dance or musical instrument. This is how the name "chastushka" from the verb "part" came to us.

Another version says that the noun came from the adverb "often", because the words were pronounced with high frequency. The preludes were not considered a full-fledged artistic genre, although in our time quatrains occupy a significant place in the national song culture.

Execute everything!

Today Russian folk ditties are the favorite genre not only among the villagers, but also among the urban population. The first performers were young guys, but over time humorous songs became so fond of grandmothers and children that people of all generations soon began singing them. Under the cheerful melody of the accordion, few could keep his unruly feet, so both old and young began to dance and began to sing. Russian folk ditties for children are distinguished by a narrow range of topics touched in them and have a simpler composition. Singing songs on small holidays in a relaxed atmosphere and often invented on the go.

I'm a little girl Svetochka,
I like to dance here
And I like to rest.
Skirt beautiful
I'll put it on the garden,
I will dance here
And the trees watered.

The chastushki are designed for singing and dancing participants, so the composition could be constructed in the form of a dialogue. Often, village competitions were organized with the identification of the winner, who will be able to come up with the most rhymed songs.

Under the accordion - more fun!

The main feature of oral folk art - syncretism - implies the combination of different types of art. The Russian folklore successfully combines the word, music and theater. This tradition is inherent and chastushkam, so the songs were performed under the accompaniment of balalaika and other instruments. So the entertainment became even more provocative and more fun, and under the tunes harmonies the feet themselves sought to dance.

I danced and danced,
Galoshi rubbed it all over.
I'm Mom from the Street
I pounded the poker.

Russian folk ditties - funny or sad - could be performed under traditional instruments: a balalaika, a tambourine, a horn, wooden spoons, bells.

The problem of preserving Russian folklore

No nation can prolong its existence without ancient traditions. Today large and small forms of folklore are preserved in small towns and villages, where, like several centuries ago, collective holidays are held, ritual songs and Russian folk ditties are sung. Urban youth are less and less interested in folklore, and villagers are moving to megacities, so some genres run the risk of disappearing altogether. On the territory of Russia, collectives are increasingly forming, taking folk songs as the basis for their creativity. New texts are being written, the old ones are forgotten, and from them there remains only a playful melody and fervent color of the text. The main task of the descendants is to preserve all the verbal genres and carry them through the mass of years, so that people of the next centuries know about the history of their people.