Rocking chair oil: device, purpose. Oil and gas equipment

The process of oil production is associated with the use of special deep equipment, the basis of which is the so-called rocking machines. This is a kind of ground drive mechanism operated by operators in the course of well operation. Typically, the rocking oil is based on the operation of plunger pumps, which provide the function of the mining infrastructure.

Purpose of oil rocking machines

The most common drive rod pump is designed for pile mining deposits. With the help of this unit, users develop wells in permafrost conditions. Also popular is oil and gas equipment in the form of rocking chairs with one-wheel balancers. Such machines are used as an individual drive for oil production.

In fact, any oil-producing infrastructure is oriented to raising the resource. The general principle of operation of the equipment can be compared with the function of a syringe, which in this case is provided by sucker-rod pumps. Also, as an obligatory element, the oil pump is equipped with columns from compression pipes. These channels are used to lift and transfer oil.

The process of oil extraction by a rocking chair

The technological organization of the production process is divided into several stages. Work begins with the drilling of a well, the depth of which can reach several kilometers. As a rule, 1500-meter openings are being developed, and the record-breakers are 4000 m wells. Next, casing strings are installed, which become the basis of the oil-producing infrastructure. The activator in this system will be a pump. To understand the principle of its operation, it is necessary to understand how the oil pump works in the overall structure of the pipeline. It performs the function of a drive mechanism, through which reciprocating actions are performed. Rockers operate on a cyclic basis, allowing the oil to concentrate around the well to ensure efficient pumping. In addition, this principle of maintenance minimizes wear on the parts of the installation.

Oil pump device

The machine is mounted on a special concrete foundation in the form of a foundation. There is also a rack, a platform and a control station for the operator. After the completion of the work on the organization of the platform, a balancer is placed, counterbalanced by a special head, to which a rope suspension is also connected. To provide power, the oil pump is equipped with a reducer and an electric motor. The latter can be located under the platform, but because of the high danger of operating this configuration, such placement is extremely rare.

As for the gearbox, it is connected via a crank gear to the balancer. This bunch is designed to convert the rotational action of the shaft into a reciprocating function. Remarkable and the task of the control station. As a rule, its basis is formed by a box complex with an electrical stuffing. Without fail, a manual mechanical brake is installed next to the control relay.

Varieties

Despite the similar principle of working with the oil resource, different modifications are presented in the family of rocking machines. As already noted, the most popular is the classical balancing machine, which provides for the rear fixation of the connecting rod, as well as the reducer, connected to the frame with a counterbalancer. But there is an alternative to this equipment. This is a hydraulic sucker rod pump, which is attached to the upper flange of the borehole reinforcement. Its features and advantages include the exclusion of the need to install a foundation pillow. This difference is of great importance when it comes to the development of wells in permafrost zones. There are other features of hydraulic units. In particular, they assume the implementation of infinitely variable length adjustment, which makes it possible to select the operating modes of equipment with greater accuracy.

Characteristics of machine-rocking machines

Technologists analyze a wide range of technical and operational parameters that give grounds for choosing a particular machine. In particular, the load on the rod, the stroke length, the dimensions of the reduction gear, the torque, the frequency range of the rocking, etc., are estimated.

One of the main characteristics of rocking machines is the power of the electric motor. Thus, typical oil pumps can cope with their functions provided that a force of 20-25 kW is applied. A deeper analysis of the parameters also includes consideration of the type of belt, the diameter of the pulleys and the characteristics of the brake system. Moreover, in addition to operational operational capabilities, one should also bear in mind the dimensional parameters that make it possible to install a particular machine in principle under certain conditions. Again, a typical installation can have a length of 7 m and a width of about 2-2.5 m. The mass usually exceeds 10 tonnes.

How is a rocking oil pump serviced?

To work with machine-rocking machines, designers provide special mechanisms. For example, for servicing the beam with a balancer a special platform with drive systems is mounted. Operators can control the parameters of the detachable support of the balancing head integrated into the body of the installation. The kinematic scheme of the drive system ensures the optimal movement of the head and, if necessary, can be adjusted for rapid downward movement. At the same time, it is important to separate directly the functions of operators and personnel, which technically maintains oil pumps during operation. If the former are involved in regulating oil recovery, the latter monitor the performance of the mechanisms in terms of maintaining their function within the tolerance limits for peak loads.

Conclusion

Manufacturers of rocking machines regularly offer new technological solutions to ensure the production of oil, but serious revisions of existing concepts can not yet be discussed. The fact is that oil and gas equipment is expensive and many customers are reluctant to change the existing fleet of equipment. Nevertheless, a partial update of the much outdated components does occur. There is also a trend of transition from balancing machines to more perfect hydraulic ones. This is due precisely to the desire to optimize the operation of the existing infrastructure. As a result, oil companies reduce costs for the organization and operation of equipment, but at the same time do not reduce the quality of the target product.