Preparing the onion for planting on the head. Preparation of onion before planting. Preparing the soil for planting onions in spring

Each of the housewives knows that the bow in the house should always be. This product is added to almost any dish, it can bring great benefits to our body. The one who has a summer residence site, necessarily puts it at home. But not everyone from the beginner gardeners knows how to make the crop yield abundantly.

Preparation of beds

The most important thing for a good harvest is to prepare the soil for the onion planting. For sowing, a sunny and open place is chosen. For onions very well suited loamy soil, which are pre-filled with mineral and organic fertilizers. Most often, it lands on land on which formerly grew beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas or cabbage. The beds are made not very high, up to 15 cm, and the width is maintained not more than 100 cm. Dredge the substrate, for each square. M add 4 kg of manure or compost and 3 kg of peat. Then again everything is loosened to a small depth, all components with a layer of earth are well mixed. Carefully level the soil and lightly ram it, after pouring a solution of copper sulfate and close for several days with a film before planting.

Preparation of seeding

Preparing the onion for planting - though not particularly difficult, but laborious work. For this you need:

- Carefully to sort out the heads and remove all soft, withered and spoiled.
- Seeds, which have not yet appeared green sprouts, need to be cut. For this purpose, using the scissors, the upper dry part is removed, thereby increasing the sprouting speed.
- Dry and disintegrate the heads in a warm and dry place.
- They must be thoroughly heated at a temperature of + 20-25 degrees.
- Directly before planting, the onion is soaked for 3 hours in a special composition, which is prepared with the calculation of 1 tsp. Salt per 1 liter of water.
- In order to exclude the appearance of diseases, you need to disinfect. The most reliable means is a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. Two hours of soaking will be enough to kill all germs.
- A little seeds are dried, on this preparation of onion-seedling for planting is completely completed.

Spring landing

The sowing begins about the beginning of May, when the soil is already well warmed up. First of all, the smallest of the seeds is lowered into the ground. They should be less than 1 cm, they will not form arrows. Two weeks later, when the preparation of the soil for planting onions in spring is complete, proceed with the main sowing. If very large seeds are sent to the ground, they will very quickly release arrows, which will significantly reduce the final crop. Before starting work, it is necessary to treat the heads with a growth stimulant - strictly according to the instructions.

Autumn planting

In autumn, the smallest sowing is planted, the diameter of which is less than 1 cm. First of all, this is done because such onions rarely survive until spring. The work is carried out 2 weeks before the first frost. In the ground, these seeds will be perfectly preserved, they will not be allowed to shoot, and in the spring they will give a good harvest, since a large vegetation period will pass. Preparing the onion before planting occurs according to the same scheme as in the spring.

Proper care

The main requirements for caring for sowing are watering, timely control of pests, weeds and diseases. From May to June, the plants should be watered once a week, and for hot days the number of approaches should be doubled. At 1 m ² there are 5-10 liters of water. In July, the supply should be reduced, as the bulbs will begin to ripen.

Watering at this time should be careful not to damage the fruit. Even if the preparation of the soil for planting onions in the spring is correct, in a short period of time the soil can become compacted, then it must be loosened in wide rows, literally by several centimeters. Before such a procedure, it is recommended to water the soil abundantly.

Which grade is best

The choice in the first place depends on the purpose that the fruit should bring. For example, if you grow onions on greens, then use the advice of proven growers and buy shnitt and shallots or the preferred by most truck farmers and slugger. And the optimal option in deciding the question of which species to purchase at the head, will be the purchase of varieties "Timiryazevsky", "oprichito" or "stuttgart risen." If the preparation of onion-seed for planting was done correctly, then all the listed heads will have excellent taste qualities and attractive appearance with good dimensions. As practice shows, if you do everything right, then from one hundred we can get a crop that reaches 400 kg. And 9 out of 10 bulbs will have a good marketable appearance and maximum shelf life.

Watering

If preparing the onions before planting was carried out according to all the rules, the plant is well established and began to grow, then during the growing season it should be watered 5-7 times. First, you need to actively inject the liquid, and after the root crop is formed, all actions are reduced. Too much water should not be added, as the bulb can get wet and the harvest will go away. After the arrows appear, they must be broken off, so that all the juices go directly to the bulb, and to harvest it has formed. At this time, watering should be reduced. If the bulb does not have time to go out before the end of the vegetation, then it will need to be digested and gently poured, this will improve ripening.

Fertilizer

Even if the onion is prepared very well for planting, it still requires fertilizers. All organic minerals need to be added to the soil in the fall at the rate of 5 kg of rotted manure or compost and 1 kg of ash per 1 m ² .

You can also use complex fertilizers, which are made in the calculation of 100 grams per 1 m ² . In the springtime, it is necessary to make the additives suitable for this season in the same calculation. All mineral composts are not recommended to be added deep into the soil, otherwise there is a risk of burning young roots, and almost all useful components will go to the lower layers.

Cleaning and storage

Preparing the onion-turnip for planting was done correctly, a fine crop was grown, it was time to harvest. The main signs of maturation are yellowing and lodging of leaves. It is accepted to dig out the harvest from July 10 to August 10 - depending on the speed of development of the vegetable. Even if not all the leaves turn yellow, at this time the onion must be pulled out of the soil and laid out a thin layer for 12-15 days for drying and ripening. Both preparing the onion for planting and storing require certain skills and knowledge. Drying the crop is done in the sun, then dried leaves are removed from it and the heads are further dried for several days at a temperature of + 30-35 degrees. This can be done near the heating devices or Russian oven. Such a qualitative procedure will help to protect the heads from diseases with cervical decay and downy mildew.

After all the operations performed, the sowing must be sorted out. Small bulbs up to 1.5 cm in size are better to be laid and planted under winter, in early October. A large crop is completed in 10-15 kg and is filled in boxes or canvas bags. Then they are placed in plastic bags, well tied and stored in a dark place at a temperature of + 17-18 degrees.

Once a month, it is necessary to control the harvest in order to throw out rotten and withered heads in time. If you keep the sowing at a temperature higher or lower than the specified, then when landing it will go to the arrow.

Prevention and treatment of diseases

Preparing the onion before sowing can not always prevent it from a variety of diseases. He is prone to a huge number of ailments. The most common of these are mosaic, onion, cervical rot, decay of the bottom, and downy mildew. It is necessary to know that if the vegetable was affected by the disease, then it is not at all suitable for storage.

There are certain measures that prevent the appearance of diseases. In particular, this is the annual fruiting and observance of the crop rotation. Preparation of onions for planting on the head should begin with the careful destruction of all the remains of other vegetables in the soil, the disinfection of seeds and the observance of spatial isolation between the crops of vegetables of the first and second years. Plant the vegetable in the last place only after three to four years. It is very important to keep food and planting materials clean. It is necessary to disinfect the vault and carry out preventive spraying.

It is undesirable to sow around large flood plains, marshes and reservoirs. In order to reduce the risk of various diseases of onions, it is necessary to make autumn deep plowing with the help of a plow, and also fertilizing with an optimal amount of fertilizers. It is better to avoid a large amount of nitrogen.

Phosphate-potassium supplements significantly increase resistance to diseases. They also help to prevent the emergence of sporoporosis and cervical decay. In addition, with the help of such components it is possible to accelerate ripening and protect the vegetable from harmful pests.

Preparing the onion for planting on the head provides for inspection of all the seeds for damage, for the earth only healthy ones will approach. Before the beginning of work it necessarily warms up. Such measures can protect and protect the heads from rot. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste during storage. This method can help to notice damaged and infected bulbs on time and remove them. Warming up can also be a good way to protect against the appearance of downy mildew.

How to Grow Shallots

To grow such a beautiful plant on its site is very simple, if there is a well-fertilized soil. He landed to get juicy and healthy herbs, this is the so-called family onion. Preparation for planting should begin in the autumn, although it is not very harmful, but requires some activities. For this, mineral and organic fertilizers are introduced into the earth during digging. This requirement is considered basic, in order to get a perfect harvest. The bulbs that should become a crop are carefully sorted, after which the damaged and rotten material is discarded.

Preparing the onion for planting should take place in early spring, when it is planted in the ground, as the threat of frosts disappears. Before starting work, the material is soaked for a couple of hours in warm water or in a light solution of potassium permanganate. Laying heads in the ground occurs in rows according to the scheme of 15x25 cm. The depth of lowering the onion cubes is 4-5 cm. The best precursor cultures are legumes. The plant prefers moderate irrigation and is not particularly demanding on moisture. The basis of care consists in the removal of weeds, in weeding and rare watering.