Petr Arkadevich Stolypin: a historical portrait on the background of an era

Petr Arkadevich Stolypin is one of the most visible and significant figures in Russian history at the rise of the monarchy. His whole life was devoted to serving the state. He was governor in two localities, the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Prime Minister, and his decisions changed the lives of millions of citizens.

Childhood and youth

Stolypin was born in 1862. He was the representative of a noble aristocratic family. The poet Mikhail Lermontov was his second cousin. Childhood Peter passed first in the estate near Moscow, and then in the province of Kovno. He studied in Vilno and Orel (his father was a military man and often changed his place of residence).

Higher education Stolypin, whose historical portrait can not do without the description of youth, was received at the St. Petersburg Imperial University at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.

Successful official

Thirteen years (from 1889 to 1902), the young official held in Kovno, where he was the district leader of the nobility. Later he became Grodno and Saratov governor. It was in this Volga region, Stolypin, whose historical portrait represents him as a fighter against the revolution, met the Russo-Japanese War and the alarming 1905.

In Saratov, as in the whole country, unrest began. Petru Arkadevich successfully succeeded in reassuring the subordinate province. Here the echo of the revolution swept relatively imperceptibly.

Minister of Internal Affairs and Prime Minister

The success of Stolypin was noticed by the emperor. Nicholas appointed him Minister of Internal Affairs. This post was not what Stolypin dreamed of. The historical portrait in the background of the era depicts him as a supporter of the old order. It was because of his devotion to the monarchy that he could not refuse to the king.

A few months later he became prime minister. The historical portrait of Peter Stolypin can not do without a mention of his constant conflicts with the Duma. The socialists did not allow them to pass laws. Because of this, the two parliaments were dissolved ahead of schedule, and the prime minister became an odious personality for the liberals and other opposition.

What else is the historical portrait of Stolypin? In short, he was trying to save the old system. At the same time, he could also make a compromise. For example, in the western provinces appeared zemstvo. At the same time, the prime minister initiated the restriction of Finland's autonomy within the Russian Empire.

Pyotr Arkadievich Stolypin (the historical portrait may seem contradictory at first glance) was in fact a very consistent man with his ideals and principles.

Attempts

Stolypin's tough stance on many issues led not only to political criticism of the public, but also to direct threats to life. He was completely 11 attempts (it seems that this figure is comparable only to the number of unsuccessful acts of terrorism against Alexander II).

The first attacks on Stolypin were made at a time when he was the governor of Saratov. However, these attempts were poorly organized and did not lead to anything.

Explosion on the Aptekarsky Island

When Peter Arkadevich moved to Petersburg, a cold reception awaited him in the capital. In August 1906, an explosion occurred in the mansion of an official, where he held a regular reception of citizens. The Aptekarsky Island was shaken by a powerful wave. Radical SRs infiltrated the reception in the guise of visitors and blew up the bomb. The attack cost 24 people. Basically, these were visitors who came to Stolypin with personal appeals. Also killed Penza governor Sergei Khvostov and personal adjutant Peter Arkadevich - Alexander Zamyatin. Eyewitnesses claimed that he had closed the minister himself from the explosion.

In addition, Stolypin's daughter suffered greatly. The doctors insisted that Natalia needed to amputate her legs. Father persuaded them to postpone the operation. As a result, I managed to save my legs, but my daughter was still disabled. Stolypin himself did not suffer from the explosion: there was not a scratch on it. The bronze inkwell on his desk broke on the wall and splashed it.

Military court courts

The response to the attack was extremely tough. A few days later the government announced that military courts were being introduced in the country. They had the right to sentence to death. This was even more heated and polarized society.

During the Duma session, the cadet Rodichev used the phrase "Stolypin's tie" (an allegory for the loop of the gallows) in his speech. This word combination went down in history (largely due to Soviet textbooks, where Stolypin was scolded and called a bloody reactionary). The Prime Minister was at this famous meeting and furiously called Rodichev to a duel because of an intolerable insult. Later, the deputy apologized for his words.

Military courts were criticized by the intelligentsia. For example, Count Leo Tolstoy under the impression of such a decision wrote a famous article "I Can not Be Silent!", Where he mercilessly criticized the state. Soon a polemical correspondence was held between the famous writer and the Prime Minister, which now is in the public domain. Tolstoy was supported by such famous personalities as Alexander Blok, Leonid Andreev and Ilya Repin.

Death

Attacks aimed at the Prime Minister, continued after the episode on the Aptekarsky Island. Stolypin did not give restraint to the terrorists. The historical portrait of this man was formed much later, and during his lifetime he was scolded for all the problems in the country.

September 1, 1911 (according to the old style) Kiev was in the center of attention of the whole country. They opened a monument to Alexander II in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Manifesto on the liberation of the peasants. Stolypin arrived in the city, as well as the entire royal family. High guests went to the Kiev theater, where a performance was staged, based on Pushkin's "The Tale of Tsar Saltan."

Such measures required special security measures. The security department, which was in charge of the order, had received information shortly before that some terrorists were preparing another attack on the royal family or the prime minister. This was reported by the secret informant Dmitry Bogrov, who was a double agent of special services and radicals.

However, the guards committed a fatal mistake, trusting this young man. The graduating student himself wanted to do away with Stolypin. As an informant, he received a ticket to the play. In his pocket he had a charged Browning. During the intermission, Bogrov came to Pyotr Arkadevich, who at that time was talking with the Minister of the Court, Fredericks. The young man made two shots. The first bullet hit Stolypin's arm, the second bulldozed St. Vladimir's cross on his chest and ricocheted into the liver. The attackers were immediately seized, and after the trial they executed.

The Prime Minister, bleeding, crossed the king who was nearby, sat down in his chair with the phrase "happy to die for the tsar", after which he was sent to the hospital. There he lay for three more days and died from a serious wound. The historical portrait of Stolypin makes it clear - it was a radical reformer of the state. It was because of his irreconcilable stance and harsh decisions that he was on the fly with numerous terrorists, the last of whom managed to commit a murder.

Value and estimates

The Prime Minister tried to preserve the monarchy. Despite the difficult relationship with Nicholas II, he always remained faithful to the emperor. His reforms began to affect almost immediately after his death. The fight against terrorists and revolutionaries reassured the country. The agrarian reform has enabled millions of people to go to the east and do their own farming there. The country quickly became enriched and in 1913 reached its economic peak. Industry was developing, agriculture and entrepreneurship were gaining momentum. Despite the polar assessments, in some issues the government and the Duma have learned to work with each other.

One of the people, thanks to whom it became possible, was Peter Stolypin. The historical portrait of this statuette began to take shape much later. Only in the modern era it became clear that all his efforts were favorable for the country.

But the Prime Minister's efforts were in vain. In 1914, the First World War broke out. Austria came into conflict with Serbia, with which Russia was in allied relations. So the slaughter broke out between the Entente and the central powers. It is possible that Stolypin would dissuade the king from entering the war, but he was no longer alive. The protracted campaign led to an increase in public discontent, and eventually to a revolution that destroyed the tsarist state. The historical portrait of PA Stolypin as a fighter against the radicals was smeared for many decades. The Soviet state saw in the tsarist premiere of its worst enemy.