Parliament of Kazakhstan: structure, order of appointments of deputies

In 1991 Kazakhstan, like other republics of the former USSR, acquired the status of a democratic rule of law. The first constitution, adopted in 1993 (later it was repeatedly supplemented and changed), established a unitary form of government headed by the president.

The republic has a uniform for all regions the structure of governing bodies and a general law. Like any democratic state, Kazakhstan has three branches of power, the most important of them is the legislative one, represented by the parliament, it consists of the upper and lower chambers.

general information

The main feature of a legal society is a well-realized principle of the separation of power. Management in the country can not be in the same hands and should be evenly distributed among other structures. In order to avoid the establishment of an authoritarian regime, the existing branches of power - legislative, executive and judicial - should act only within their authority, while exercising mutual control.

The Parliament of Kazakhstan meets the general concept of a democratic state. It consists of two chambers, the Senate and the Majilis, as well as the Constitutional Council. The main function of parliament is the adoption of laws. Such a device replaced the unicameral authority - the Supreme Council, which was in effect since 1937.

In 1995, with the adoption of the Constitution, a new parliament was finally formed. For all the time in the lower house most of the seats belonged to the party of the president of Kazakhstan. Nursultan Nazarbayev and his "Nur Otan" are almost always leading with other leaders among other political communities.

Local legislation

Since Kazakhstan is a country with a unitary form of government, certain regions and cities build their activities on the basis of a uniform for all legislation. However, the constitution of the republic, in addition to the highest state power, establishes a regional system of representative bodies (maslikhats), they have the following powers:

• Addressing some local issues;
• Planning of various development programs of territorial importance;
• Review and control reports of the regional executive power;
• Ensuring the rights of citizens of this region.

Deputies of the maslikhat can pass laws only on the basis of the interests of this particular region and its inhabitants, and also participate in holding local referenda. Other laws, uniform for the entire territory of the country, are taken only directly by the parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Upper Chamber

The main function of the senate and its deputies is legislative, in addition, the parliament carries out exceptional knowledge, such as: at the direction of the president, the dismissal of the chairpersons of the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor General, the National Bank,

At the moment, the Senate of the sixth convocation operates in the country, the term of office of its members is 6 years, and every three years the composition of the meeting can be partially updated. The first meeting is considered to be the official beginning of activity, and the last is the end. The Parliament of Kazakhstan may terminate its work ahead of schedule in accordance with the procedure provided for by the Constitution of the country.

Of the 47 senatorial seats 15 are distributed by the president, the rest are appointed from each region or city of republican significance. A deputy of a higher executive authority can not simultaneously be in the lower and upper chamber.

The Senate of the Parliament of Kazakhstan holds meetings both separately (only by the supreme body) and jointly with the Majilis (the latter usually on the opening and closing day of the sessions).

Lower Chamber

The powers of the second legislative body include the following items:

1. Appointment of presidential elections of the republic.
2. Only the Majilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan has a legislative initiative, projects can be introduced by the head of state, deputies and the government.
3. Published laws regulate a wide range of important public relations, which include:

• The sphere of taxation;
• Observance of civil rights and freedoms;
• Budgetary matters;
• Control over the actions of state bodies;
• education;
• Social services, health care system and much more.

The lower chamber consists of 107 deputies, candidates nominate each of the parties and already by free elections the number of those who have passed to the parliament of Kazakhstan is determined. Nine people in the Majilis have the right to nominate a special consultative body under the president - the Assembly of the people of the republic, whose duties include the promotion of national politics in the country.

The lower chamber of the legislative power consists of seven committees, the so-called working bodies, it is here that the incoming laws are considered and they are submitted to the general meeting.

Interesting Facts

The presidential party in 2007 beat all records on voters' votes, having received 88.4 percent of the total.

In 2011, Nursultan Nazarbayev terminated the powers of the Majilis of the fourth convocation ahead of schedule and appointed re-elections, as a result of which a seven-percent pass-through barrier was overcome by three parties.

Every year there is a reduction in political communities that nominate their candidates for power. In 2016, the minimum number of parties participated in the elections to the Kazakh parliament, only six, and in 2012 there were seven.