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Moscow suburbs, manors-museums: description, photo

Dual feelings are experienced by everyone when it comes to the suburbs. Manors, estates and parks ...

Forward to Russian history

On the one hand, these are places closely and deeply connected with history, artistic life, real Russian way of life and mores, and on the other - the state of many memorable places is alarming and regrettable.
Russian history and the Russian soul are concepts, in general, different, but sometimes they are so weirdly intertwined that without one component it is impossible to fully understand the other, and, therefore, to get an answer to the question: what exactly is it, Russian person?

The centers and repositories of Russian culture in the suburbs

Homesteads - a place where there were every second. The names of some suburban estates and estates on hearing in the general public: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoe, Marfino, Kuskovo and others. This is true, because in the 17-19 centuries. Noble estate was a kind of cultural and historical phenomenon, along with large and small towns, monasteries, villages, villages, cathedrals and churches.
Historians say that by the end of the 19th century, In Russia there were from 50 to 100 thousand estates and estates. Naturally, the activity of social, economic, artistic and creative life and historical estates of the Moscow region were closely connected.
And since it was a stone's throw from the Moscow estate to the capital, naturally, the best Russian writers, poets, artists, composers drew inspiration, worked and found rest in places connected with nature.
And probably, there is no such Russian creator and thinker of the 18th and 19th centuries, whose fate and life would not have been associated with the Russian suburban estate.
And such traditions of Russian art as country architecture, garden and park culture and architecture, landscape design go back to the Moscow suburbs, whose estates and nature they cherish.
It must be recalled that the traditions of Russian hospitality, Russian cuisine, hunting, collecting rare books and collecting artworks were also associated with the nobility of local and domestic culture.

Getting Started

Within the 100-kilometer zone from the Moscow Ring Road, about 200 estates and estates can be counted. By the beginning of the 20th century. In the Moscow suburbs there were about 1000. All of them are in their own way memorable and worthy of attention, but the times are now such that it is necessary to visit interesting places even if slightly prepared.
With regard to the topic, you can say that if you want to visit the most beautiful estates of the Moscow region with the benefit of stocking up general information:

  • About location, distance, route (metro, train, bus, car);
  • About the peculiarities ("unusual") of the place: the state museum-reserve, the house-museum, the departmental place, just the buildings connected with history, literature, painting, architecture;
  • If the place is connected with the museum expositions, it would be nice to know about the prices for tickets, working hours and places of rest and food. There are also possible options when museums and estates near Moscow belong to some department and the entrance is difficult, but, as the avid travelers write, there is always "a hole in the fence from behind", and you can still get there;
  • Correlation of the possibilities of the environment with their own goals: simply rest in a picturesque place, literary, historical, architectural and artistic impressions, etc.

This "focus" will help save time and get real pleasure from visiting an interesting place.

Historical places

One of the traditions of the high Russian society from the Petrine times was the donation of estates and villages for faithful service. This is how many noblemen's estates in the Moscow region sprang up, for example, Glinka's estate, granted by Peter Ι, as a village near Moscow, to his associate Yakov Bruce, military and statesman, scientist and diplomat. After his retirement, Bruce was engaged in perestroika, scientific experiments and even earned the reputation of a "magician and warlock".
The history of Glinka's estate is an example of the history of Peter's times, Russian military science, the mores of Russian society of the 17-18th centuries.
If you just list the famous historical figures and the manors belonging to them in the Moscow suburbs, the list will be impressive:

  • Serednikovo - family estate Stolypins. I remember Pyotr Arkadevich Stolypin, the Russian reformer of the early 20th century. Earlier Serednikovo was associated with the childhood of the poet M. Yu. Lermontov. Later there were Shalyapin and Rachmaninoff. Today Serednikovo is the most "cine" estate in the Moscow region, with an interesting movie city, which includes the scenery of England in the 18th century;

  • Conversations - give an even deeper immersion in history. The local historians call the Conversations the place where Dmitry Donskoy spread his tent, heading for battle with Mamai (Kulikovo Field);
  • Gorki (Leninskie) is today a museum connected with the life of the leader of the world proletariat. The "highlight" of the museum exposition is the Rolls-Royce car, which drove Vladimir Ilyich. But what is interesting is that the first mention of the estate dates back to the 16th century, and the interiors of the buildings were preserved from the 18th to 19th centuries.

Of course, that there is no possibility to mention all the historical museums-manors of Moscow and the Moscow region, but information can always be found. And interestingly, history sometimes closely intersects with literary and artistic events.

Literary sites

Great Vyazyom were granted to Peter Ι Prince Golitsyn "for the salvation of the young king during the Streltsy rebellion." In addition, the estate is closely connected with the life of Boris Godunov, Paul Ι, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, L. Tolstoy.
But what is especially important - Vyazyomy are Pushkin's poetic birthplace: his childhood passed here, he got acquainted with the beauty of Russian nature, heard folk songs, studied the life and customs of the Russian nobility and Russian peasants.
Here the first poetic creations of Pushkin were born, and here he was in difficult periods of his life. Lives in this place and legends: Golitsyno Palace locals call the "House of the Queen of Spades", and you can learn something about the fate of Princess Golitsyna, the prototype of the old countess with a secret three cards.
Therefore, it is no coincidence that the Big Vyzemy is the Pushkin Museum-Reserve, here, from September to April, there are musical evenings and concerts. Like Pushkin's places, you should mention Zakharovo next to Vyazyom.
About other literary and poetic places:

  • Muranovo is a typical "noble nest", about which we have an idea of books and films about Russia in the 19th century. In the wreath of births and fates, there are many well-known literary names: Engelgardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, Gogol, Aksakov, Tyutchev. But fate ordered that in Muranovo came the archive of the family of the poet Feodor Tyutchev and therefore a museum of his name appeared there;
  • Melikhovo - literary and memorial museum-reserve of Anton Chekhov. In the museum's exposition there are more than 20 thousand paintings of artists, including I. Levitan, D. Polenov, P. Seryogin - friends of the writer.
  • Znamenskoe-Gubaylovo - was presented to the first Russian tsar (after the Great Troubles) by Mikhail Romanov, boyar Volynsky (the ancestor of Dmitry Donskoy's ally) in the 16th century. Later, in the 18th century, the estate was owned by the commander Dolgoruky-Crimean. And in the early 20th century. The estate turned into a "literary nest" of Russian Symbolist poets. The trees of the old park remember V. Bryusov, K. Balmont and A. Bely;
  • Peredelkino - unquestionably, deserves separate words. This "writer's town", associated with the names of many significant Soviet and Russian writers and poets. Today in Peredelkino there is a house-museum of K. Chukovsky, B. Pasternak, B. Okudzhava, museum-gallery E. Yevtushenko. Near the village there is a church of the Savior Transfiguration and Patriarchal Compound - the residence of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill.

About Russian architecture

In Russian architecture, a significant place is occupied by church architecture. Without going deep into this area, it is worth noting that the typical Russian church is still recognizable because of the shape of the domes, the "tent" (multi-purpose) of the premises.
And since typical parks and estates of the Moscow region of the 17th-19th centuries Necessarily included the church, it is very interesting to see and appreciate how the churches were built. Of course, the canons and the "Russianness" of the style were maintained. But the more interesting the deviations are:

  • In Dubrovitsy you can see the most "baroque" (from the Baroque style) church in the Moscow region. In the same style was built and the palace, but later it was rebuilt in the spirit of classicism;

  • Bykovo - in the construction of a two-storey church in the 18th century. The famous Russian architect V. Bazhenov took part with his pupils. In the same style of Masonic architecture, the palace of the manor is also built. A separate bell tower (architect Tamansky) and a web of paths of the park and numerous ponds create unforgettable moods, especially in the summer-autumn period;
  • Bratsevo is a manor in the Moscow area, where there is an English park. You can first visit the Moscow buildings: the Countess Stroganov's manor palace, the Church of the Intercession, see 2 manor bridges and 5 manor houses to catch the beauty and spirit of the estate near Moscow and estates. And then it will be easier to start traveling in the Moscow region.

Patronage and Russian artists

Patronage (patronage of the development of science and art) originated in Russia in the 18th century. And reached its heyday in the mid-19th century. In the country estates and city palaces, remarkable collections of Russian and Western European art gathered, collections of rare books.
Therefore, many estates and palaces of the Moscow region are known thanks to the owners-patrons, although, as always, there is no unambiguousness in history, but there are many intersections.
In Abramtsevo one-story manor house of the 18th century, which is an example of Russian wooden architecture, was preserved. The owner of Abramtsevo was the writer S. Aksakov ("The Scarlet Flower"), there were his friends - Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.


When in the second half of the 19th century. The owner of the estate was the industrialist and philanthropist S. Morozov, the artists M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, D. Polenov, I. Repin, V. Serov worked actively. It was here that the "Abramtsev circle" was born - the artistic and creative union, which set as its goal the development of Russian national art.
After the revolution of 1917, these traditions were continued by I. Grabar, P. Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. And today the museum exposition of Abramtsevo totals more than 25 thousand exhibits: painting, graphics, sculpture, works of decorative and applied art and folk art.

Others, and maybe the most, the most ...

Also worthy of mention are such estates near Moscow, open to visitors:

  1. Arkhangelskoe - one of the preserved estates from the end of the 18th century, including the architectural and park ensemble in the style of classicism. And the artistic collections of the former owners of Odoevsky, Golitsyn, Yusupov became the basis of a rich museum exposition;
  2. Kuskovo - the manor of the Count of the Sheremetyevs. Preserved Palace, Italian house, Dutch house, Grotto. On the territory of the estate there is the State Museum of Ceramics;

  3. Klin - a place associated with the last years of the life of composer P. Tchaikovsky. Today, here is a house-museum, recreating the atmosphere of creativity, life and life of a great musician.

About the sad ... (but not only)

Many estates and manors are in a state of destruction. The reasons for the fact that the abandoned estates of the Moscow region have a place to be - lack of owners, disinterest of owners, use of buildings for other purposes.
Sober-historical views on the problem say:

  1. The life and flowering of estates and estates were a thing of the past, together with the 19th century.
  2. Too destructive events took place in the life of Russia in the 20th century, in order to begin quickly to restore everything connected with the historical past.
  3. But there is an understanding that this is the past, which you need to know about, and which must be preserved, which means that sooner or later the problems of restoration and restoration will be decided, and the abandoned estates of the Moscow region will please us with their beauties.

And then:

  • Dugino - a place associated with artists of the late 19th century. - the early 20th century, and now just a sanatorium, could become an art museum;
  • Marfino - the former military sanatorium, with still preserved sculptural griffins, a pond and a park will turn into a picturesque place;
  • The same Bykovo - will cease to slowly decay.

Moscow region in the information space

Information about the estate near Moscow, open to the public, a lot. It is accessible to the public, and it is possible to find information of a very different nature about estates, houses, churches, simply beautiful parks, and thus to discover a place personally connected with any historical, literary and artistic events. In this respect, the research of architect Natalia Bondareva is simply priceless. In her works, you can find a description of almost 300 estates, estates, churches in Moscow, the Moscow region and nearby regions.
Natalia Bondareva has been engaged in this work since 1996 and, undoubtedly, deserves words of gratitude and gratitude for what she does for contemporaries and future descendants, describing the estates of the Moscow region, whose photos are placed in open sources. Anyone can fill up their knowledge in this field.
But it is important that such people today are not alone, which means that the road to the past, and through it - to the future is not closed.

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