Moscow: nature. Variety, features and attractions

The Moscow region is located in the center of the East European valley. And in the middle of it is Moscow, whose nature is primarily due to its location and does not differ much from the nature of the Moscow region and the whole region.

Geography of the region

To the north of the capital of the Russian Federation there is a marshy Upper Volga lowland, and to the south are the hills of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland. There are many lakes and rivers in the region, originating mainly in the Klin-Dmitrovsky ridge (the North-Western part of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland), which is a kind of watershed, and flowing into either the Volga or the Oka. The Moskvoretsko-Oka plain with the Teplostan Upland entering it occupies the northwest of the Moscow region. On this hill there is the highest point (253 meters), which Moscow itself boasts itself. The nature surrounding the capital is also determined by the swampy Meshchersky lowland, which enters the region from the east by a wedge formed by the Klyazma and the Moscow River. The Zaokskaya plain closes the region from the south.

The edge of rivers, lakes, forests ...

Plains, lowlands, hills, rivers, which in the region number up to 2000 pieces, all this determines the presence of a certain climate, flora and fauna, which characterizes the Moscow region and Moscow itself. The nature of the capital and the surrounding region is extraordinarily beautiful, even despite the active anthropogenic impact (absolutely any kind of human activity in relation to nature). Relic oak forests and coniferous forests cover 40% of the entire region, whereas in Moscow suburbs, 42% (2,168 ha) of the area are covered with forests. Gulf meadows, fields, calmly flowing rivers, upland bogs (food is provided only by precipitation) and protected ravines - this is how the nature of Moscow and the region looks like.

Forests

To preserve all the splendor of nature, the man who is, in fact, the most important enemy, is trying to do everything possible. Protected farms such as Zavidovo, or national parks such as the Losiny Ostrov, which includes the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve, are being created. In the suburbs, many forests are secondary, grown on the site of felling and fields. Their difference from the indigenous forests is a simplified structure and a significant admixture of birch and aspen. In Moscow, too, 40% of the city's territory is covered with forest, among which 21% are occupied by pine forests (Silver Forest, in which pine trees are found up to 170 years old). Elnikov, very sensitive to pollution, remained very little - only 2%. On Losiny Island there are still specimens of up to 130 years of age. Deciduous forests of Moscow are distributed in the following ways: oaks 10% (Izmaylovsky Park), linden -18%, birch occupies 39% of the area, aspen - 4%.

Types of afforestation in Moscow and the region

Features of the nature of Moscow are due to the fact that, like the whole region, it lies at the confluence of the forest-steppe and forest zones. That is, this region is very green. The north and west of the region are occupied by spruce and medium-coniferous forests. Meshcherskaya lowland, an exciting part of the east of the region, is covered with taiga pine massif, and in the lowlands there are alder groves. The center of the region and Moscow, which is situated in it, the nature of which is rich in southern taiga coniferous-broad-leaved forests, abounds in firs and pines, birches and aspens, and in the underbrush there is a hazel. Closer to the south is the kingdom of broad-leaved oak, in addition to which there are holly, elm, and linden maple. And in the area of the transition zone (from the forest-steppe to the steppe), plantings of spruce are still found on the Moscow-Oka Upland, as, for example, in the upper reaches of the Lopasni River. But closer to the south, the steppe forests, resembling green islands among the plains, oak forests, ash and maple groves, often come across. The extreme south of the region is covered by forest-steppe, which is almost completely plowed up and not preserved in its original form even fragmentarily.

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It is important to note the fact that in our time there is an active planting of forests. And this shows a person turning to nature, giving up only a consumer relationship. At the Shatursky and Lukhovitsky marshes located in the east of the region, beginners began to meet among the Aboriginal plants more often.

Beauty you will not kill

The aforementioned anthropogenic activities include the urbanization of the territory, the accumulation of a large number of people, the presence and continuing construction of roads and railways, the change in the hydrography of the region (the change in the river bed, the emergence of new reservoirs, etc.), the myriad of economic buildings, Which should be accompanied by the largest metropolis, the capital of a huge state. And, nevertheless, the nature of Moscow and the Moscow region, which once enticed Yuri Dolgoruky, is unusually good and diverse today.

Abundance of Fauna Representatives

Despite the destructive effect of man, many representatives of the animal world have survived or appeared here. Within the region and the outskirts of Moscow, 60-70 mammal species live. Besides them, reptiles (6), amphibians (7), and fish (40) live here. And how many birds are there! Of the 120 species inhabiting the Moscow region, 29 penetrate into the central districts of the city. And all in the region there are over 200 species of birds that live or are constantly flown here. There are a huge number of insects - 135 species of butterflies, 300 (of which a tenth of bumblebees) of bee species. In addition, here live grasshoppers (8), locusts (23), beetles, beetles, dragonflies, ants and flies are represented by 50 species. And 9 of them are listed in the Red Book - 4 species of pigeons and 5 species of ants. The purity of water in the Moscow region is indicated by the presence of several populations of turtles in different regions of the region. Twelve species of animals inhabiting the Moscow region are listed in the Red Data Book.

Variety of Moscow wildlife

Taiga species of animals, which are very common in the region, are represented by hare-hares and flying squirrel. The most common birds are hazel grouse, capercaillie, bullfinch, as well as the brown-headed gaichka, the hellebore, the white-brow and the thrush-ashberry. The diversity of Moscow's nature is represented by such species of large animals inhabiting broad-leaved forests, like roe deer and wild boar, spotted deer and forest marten, mink and black polecat. In the immediate vicinity of the huge city dwelling and gray owl live. Why are these species mentioned in relation not only to the region, but also to Moscow itself? Because one of the first national parks in Russia is "Losiny" island ", where almost all of the above animals live, is located on the territory of Moscow, within the city limits.

Native nature

Moderately continental climate of Moscow is, in fact, a transition from a mild European to a sharply continental Asian. In a word, Moscow's climate is very comfortable - a relatively mild winter and a relatively humid summer. Having sung by not one generation of Russian classics, the native nature of Moscow is close and dear to every Russian not only because love for her comes to a person with mother's milk, but also because she is really amazingly good. It is enough to look at a retrospective of Russian artists' paintings, which is widely available to make sure that these are not empty words. The relatives seem to be Polenov's "Moscow Yard" and "Grandmother's Garden", Pimen's "New Moscow" admires, but his heart aches from hundreds of paintings of native masters, on which the nature of the native land is imprinted. Moscow is a truly Russian city located in the heart of the European part of Russia, and therefore the nature of Moscow personifies Russia, although it is difficult to depict the nature of a huge country with one or another part.

Natural sights of Moscow

In Moscow and the Moscow region there are a lot of natural attractions. These include, in the first place, "Silver Boar" and "Losiny Ostrov." From the impressive list can be called even "Black Lake" and "Botanical Garden Vilar". Interesting objects are the Valley of the Christmas Stream in Mitino and the Natural Reserve Krylatsky Hills. And also "Biryulyovsky Dendropark" and "Bolshoy Vostryukovsky Pond" and a dozen of natural attractions, which you can visit, you can get a certain idea about the nature of Moscow and the Moscow region.