Marc Chagall: biography. Marc Chagall: Creativity

Who was to become one of the eight children born in the late nineteenth century in a small place near Vitebsk in the family of a poor Jew - a herring peddler? Probably a world celebrity. So it happened. And if someone else has not guessed who is talking about, know - this is the famous artist Marc Chagall. A brief biography of his childhood, of course, does not contain any hints of a star future. Nevertheless, the name of this man is quite popular today.

The beginning of the creative path

As a child, Chagall began to study at a Jewish elementary school, and then went to the state school, where lessons had already been conducted in Russian. After mastering the basics of education in the school, before the First World War, from 1907 to 1910 he managed to learn a little painting in Petersburg. Remarkable work of the early period of his work is the painting "Death", which depicts a violinist (a fairly often repeating image for the artist we are considering) against the backdrop of nightmarish events on the stage.

Then the young Marc Chagall moved to Paris, in a studio on the outskirts of the city of Bohemia, in a famous area called La Rouche. There he met several famous writers and artists, including Guillaume Apollinaire, Robert Delaunay and others. Experimentation was welcomed in this company, and Chagall quickly began to develop poetic and innovative tendencies, being influenced by impressionists and post-impressionists.

Return to their native places

And from this time only his creative biography begins. Marc Chagall fell in love with Paris forever. The artist called him the second Vitebsk. The French capital was the center of world painting, and there Mark unexpectedly for himself gained fame. It was Paris Mark Zakharovich considered the source of his inspiration. And here he was practically declared one of the founders of such a genre of painting as surrealism. But he's leaving.

After the Berlin exhibition Mark Zakharovich returns to Vitebsk, where, however, he does not intend to stay too long, only to have time to marry his fiancée Belle. However, it was stuck in connection with the outbreak of the First World War, since Russian borders were closed for an indefinite period.

But, instead of falling into despair, Marc Chagall continues to create. Marrying Bella in 1915, he creates such masterpieces as "Birthday" and a playful acrobatic painting entitled "A double portrait with a glass of wine." All the works of this period act as witnesses to the joyful state of the artist during the first years of his married life.

Revolutionary period in the artist's life

The Jews had every reason to love the revolution. After all, it destroyed the Pale of Settlement and enabled many representatives of this nationality to become commissars. How did Mark Zakharovich feel about the revolution? And what information about this period does his biography contain? Marc Chagall also tried to love the revolution. In his native Vitebsk in 1918, he even became a cultural commissioner, and then founded and directed the art school, which is becoming very popular.

Mark Zakharovich together with his disciples decorated the city for the celebration of the first anniversary of October. Officials were not so pleased with the decoration of the celebration, as the artist himself. And when the representatives of the new authorities began to ask the master why his cows are green, and the horses fly across the sky, and most importantly - that Shagalov's characters in common with the great revolutionary principles and Karl Marx, the fascination with the revolution quickly disappeared. Moreover, the Bolsheviks have established a new Pale of Settlement, and not only for the Jews.

Moving to the capital and the decision to leave Russia

What did Chagall Mark Zakharovich do? His biography is still connected with Russia, and now he moves to Moscow, where he begins to teach the drawing of orphans of the revolution in a children's colony. They were children who had been subjected to horrible treatment by criminals many times, many remembered the brilliance of the steel blade of a knife with which their parents were stabbed, whistled bullets and the ringing of broken glass.

One day, passing by the Kremlin, Mark Zakharovich saw Trotsky emerging from the car. He took a heavy step toward his apartment. Then the artist realized how tired he was, and acutely felt that more than anything he wanted to paint his paintings. Neither the tsarist nor the Soviet authorities, in his opinion, he was not needed.

Marc Chagall decides to take his wife and daughter, who has already appeared, and leave Russia. He becomes the first commissioner who leaves the new state in order not only to save lives of close people, but also his soul from lack of freedom.

New life, or Attitude to the artist's work abroad

Marc Chagall, whose biography and work is now no longer connected with the Motherland, went to France - towards his immortality. In subsequent years, the phrase "genius of the century", "patriarch of world painting" was added to his name. The French declared Mark Zakharovich the head of the Paris art school. And at the same time in Germany in a huge fire burned canvases Chagall. Why did some people consider his painting as the top of modern art, and to others it interfered with the embodiment of their "cannibalistic" designs.

Probably, he was struck by the feeling of personal independence. He was free, like God in the process of creating the universe. Wherever Chagall lived - in Vitebsk, New York or Paris - he always depicted almost the same thing. One or two human figures that soar into the air ... A cow, a cock, a horse or a donkey, several musical instruments, flowers, roofs of the houses of the native Vitebsk. Marc Chagall wrote almost nothing else. The description of the pictures shows not only the repeated images, but also almost no different plot lines.

A dream in reality, or What Mark Zakharovich's paintings say about

And yet connoisseurs and connoisseurs were amazed. Mark Zakharovich showed ordinary objects as if the viewer saw them for the first time. He very naturally portrayed fantastic things. For ordinary, not sophisticated art lovers, Mark Zakharovich's paintings are ordinary children's dreams. In them - an irresistible desire to fly. Dreams awake in something inexpressibly beautiful, joyful and sad at the same time. Marc Chagall is an artist who passed on in his works what every person feels every time. This unity with the great universe.

This person is known all over the world

This rare moment of enlightenment lasted for Mark Zakharovich eighty years. This is the fate that the great artist let go for creativity. He wrote hundreds of canvases. His painting is in New York at the Metropolitan Opera and at the Grand Opera in Paris. His works are also dozens of stained glass in the cathedrals of Europe and in buildings around the world where many people live who know who Marc Chagall is. His biography and paintings are popular today not only in Russia. Even in the United Nations there are elements of the painting of this talented artist.

Creative biography. Marc Chagall and world fame

When Hitler came to power, the paintings of the artist Marc Chagall began to express the artist's anxiety about the future fate of mankind. This is "Loneliness", "White Crucifixion", where Jewish and Christian symbols mingle with the Nazi crowd terrorizing Jews. Mark Zakharovich evacuated to the United States and already there continues his work.

It is worth noting another period in the artist's work, which describes his biography. Marc Chagall lost his wife in 1944, and, of course, this was reflected in his works. Bella appears on such canvases by the artist as "Wedding Candles", "Nocturne" and others: in several forms, with ghosts, in the form of an angel or a ghost of the bride.

Return to Paris

In 1948 Mark Zakharovich Chagall again settled in France, on the Cote d'Azur. Here he receives a lot of orders, develops scenery and costumes for ballets. In 1960, he began to create stained glass windows for the synagogue of the Hadassah Medical Center.

Later he undertakes the creation of large projects in the design of the cathedral in Zurich, the Church of St. Stephen in Mainz in Germany and the Church of All Saints in the United Kingdom. The great artist Mark Zakharovich Chagall died on March 28, 1985, leaving behind a vast collection of works in a number of art industries.

Marc Chagall became one of the symbols of the twentieth century, but not of his dark destructive aspects, but of love, the pursuit of harmony, the hope of finding happiness. His immortality is in the ability to convey the presence of the Divine spirit in every subject of the surrounding world.