Making an abstract: how not to spoil your work

An abstract is a summary of the material found on the topic, and the audience presented. Usually, the teacher's abstracts begin to be taught from the school bench in order to prepare students for further independent processing of information in a higher educational institution. Here, at school, help to make and design of the abstract by standards.

It is a mistake to think that the abstract is a rewriting of other people's thoughts in large volumes. This can be "sin" in school, but not in high school. In the abstract, in addition to reflecting the general material on the selected topic, the author's own point of view, expressed in the conclusions on the topic, should also be reflected. In addition, in the abstract you can evaluate not only events, but also existing points of view on this or that phenomenon. This is the so-called aerobatics, which students already attain at senior courses.

The rules for preparing the abstract are quite simple. They are presented in the form of GOST and sent to educational institutions in a package of mandatory documentation. There are also standards for exam tickets, journals, etc. The teacher is obliged to acquaint students with certain rules, because the abstract, which does not meet the requirements, will not be accepted. Although, to be frank, it all depends on the personality of the teacher - many turn a blind eye to minor trifles, especially if the essay is written for "internal" evaluation, and not for the participation of the competition, where all standards must be hundred percent.

Before you write an essay, you need to think through it in accordance with the requirements. How many parts (chapters) will be in the abstract, do you need subsections, how justified are their introduction and breakdown? The abstract should not become a heap of facts, everything should be displayed in it as short and capaciously as possible. After the chapters are written, they need to be re-read. Often it happens that the author throws out some parts or, conversely, adds others.

After the proof-reading is completed, you can begin the practical design of the abstract. First, a title page is created that contains the original data. It is worth noting that the more carefully the student draws up the abstract, the better it will look in the eyes of the teacher. Such pedantry suggests that the student has seriously approached the work and his abstract is perfect both on the title page and on the rest. Often, the correct design of the first page covers minor deficiencies within the abstract.

The abstract is printed on standard Euroformat A4, font size 14 with a line spacing of 1.5. Fields are exposed everywhere the same: you need to do on top and bottom of two centimeters, on the right - one and a half, and on the left - three (for filing). The abstract, sustained in such parameters, is most favorably perceived for the human eye - it is convenient to read and tireless.

The design of the essay on the title should consist of such information. Above is indicated the ministry to which the higher educational institution is subordinate, then - the full name of the institution without abbreviations, the department on which the abstract was performed. A little lower in the center indicates the topic of the essay. Even lower, with centering on the right side, the signature of the essay is executed in the form of "fulfilled" - the student, the group, the course, and the "supervisor" - the name. Teacher who supervised the work. If necessary, the name of the person who evaluated the work is indicated on the abstract. At the very bottom is written the place of performance (usually only the city, since the university is listed above) and the date (year). Following the title page, the contents of the already finished text are made, the pages of which are already known. Usually pages are numbered with the third bottom right, because the first page is the title page, and the second page is the content. The content indicates the pages of all structural elements - the introduction, sections and subsections, conclusions and a list of literature. At the very end, as necessary, you can make applications. They are numbered in the general order, however, they are the last ones and do not include the required amount of work. The review is accompanied by a review (review) of the person who checked the work.

The preparation of the abstract takes a little time, especially if the student has experience. In any case, this issue should be approached with the utmost responsibility, so that the work makes a good impression.