M. Yu. Lermontov, Pine: content and analysis of the poem. What is Lermontov's poem "Pine"?

In the XIX century, the last German romantic Heinrich Heine created a poem based on his unhappy love. It was translated by Russian poets. Each in its own way. But the best translation was made by Mikhail Lermontov. "Pine" - a small, but extraordinarily beautiful poetic work about solitude and longing.

The original Heine

Heinrich Heine was not only a witty publicist, but also an unrivaled master of the lyric genre. Deciding to dedicate his poem to his beloved, he wrote an eight-note about the melancholy northern tree. The work turned out to be deeply lyrical. And after twelve years, the Russian poet Mikhail Lermontov translated it, which he had never done before. Literary translation of the poet was not fond of, and what prompted him this time, is unknown. But, one way or another, the poem in the Russian translation was rather Lermontov 's own work. It contains motifs that are close to the entire creation of the Russian lyrics. A comparative analysis of Lermontov's poem "Pine" and the works of the German poet gives an idea of how different were the inner experiences of these two talented authors.

In the original there are two images: fir and palm. And spruce in the German language - masculine. Heine paid great attention to achieving euphony in his lyrical works. And in his poem there is an abundance of long vowel sounds creating a sensual gentle effect. The only word lacking in softness is Ein Fichtenbaum, which means "spruce". With the help of this background technique, the author gives the image of the tree with rigidity and masculinity. In the translation of the Russian poet, the main image is a pine. Lermontov wrote the verse on the basis of the work already created, but it turned out to be something unique.

Loneliness

The tragic fate and features of Mikhail Lermontov's nature were reflected in his lyrics. The motif of loneliness is present in many of his works. Often in his poems there are such words as "one", "lonely".

The future poet lost his mother as a child. Rose without a father. When I entered the university, I did not communicate with anyone. He was always alien to the friendly lyrics, so close to his idol Pushkin. Friends he never had. A separate character began to form in childhood, when as a result of the efforts of the grandmother on the maternal line, the future poet was completely deprived of his father's attention.

Later, when Lermontov became an adult, he learned disappointment of a different nature. For him, the political situation in Russia became a real tragedy. Disappointment turned into a feeling of loneliness, and these moods were reflected in such works as "Sail", "Cliff", "I'm leaving alone for the road", "Pine". Lermontov wrote a verse about the tree "in the north wild" in 1841, that is, in the year of his death. And writing this lyrical work has become one of the rare cases when the translation is not inferior to the original.

Pine

The first stanza is dedicated to the cold, but real world in which the tree resides. Pine on the bare top is a symbol of loneliness. A lonely frozen tree yearns and slumbers. The author passes his feelings through this image. After all, he also felt all his short life misunderstood, lonely.

Lermontov gives trees the ability to feel, dream, be sad. This allows him to sincerely express his secret feelings. But the poet himself also expresses his disbelief at the existence of a person close to him. For his short life he had enough reason to doubt the feminine fidelity.

Palm

The second part of the poem takes us to the sunny edge, where, like a pine tree, the palm grows sadly. Both are feminine. While the German author has a juxtaposition of male and female images, which already speaks of the main theme of Heine. For the German romantic, the main lyrical motive was separation from the beloved, which can not be said about the poem "Pine". Lermontov wrote a verse, rather, his desire to be understood, heard.

Yet the poet in the desire to get rid of loneliness and find a loved one created in his imagination is not the image of a spiritual friend, but a woman's appearance. This is clearly indicated by the last lines of the poem, where he imagines the dream in the form of a "beautiful palm tree."

Reality and dream

Lermontov repeatedly turned to the theme of loneliness. Pine (analysis of the work suggests that this image is not entirely lyrical) expresses in the poem the highest degree of these sensations. The poet draws an atmosphere of despair by creating two small worlds: cold and hot. In the first there is a pine, in the second - a palm tree. And they will never be together. With the help of juxtaposition of the northern edge to the south, the author expresses the unrealizable dream.

Dream or dream?

The clash of dreams and reality is a technique that Lermontov uses in his translation. The pine tree of the Russian poet languishes, covered with snow. She dreams of a distant desert, but a dream will never come true. This is another difference from the original. In German, "dreaming" and "seeing a dream" are verbs that are close in meaning and are identical in sound. The German poet says: "Er träumt von einer Palme", which can be translated as "dreaming about a palm tree", and "sees a palm tree in a dream". But in Russian the words "dream" and "dream" were never synonyms or paronyms. Perhaps the language differences intensified the effect Lermontov sought to create. Pine is not just a successful translation. This poem, permeated with the spirit of despair, which is typical of the Russian character. It can be assumed that it is in the Russian interpretation that a dream becomes an unrealizable dream.

Musicality

Thanks to the alternation of vowels of extraordinary sound, Lermontov managed to achieve in his work. "Pine" - a poem in which vocalism stands out clearly. In the first stanza, the repetitions of the consonant "c" also attract attention. Perhaps, in the Lermontov translation the main image was given to a pine tree, and not to a male tree (for example, a cedar), not only because for the author the task of expressing loneliness was the first place, in which the tribal affiliation of the tree does not matter. The point, rather, is that otherwise the author would not be able to achieve such a harmonious sound system.