Lime heart-shaped: description, latin name

Lipa small - leaved heart - shaped - a fairly common plant, included in the family of mallow. Until a certain time the tree was referred to an independent family of lime trees.

Among the ancient Slavs, the linden was considered a symbol of love and beauty, and among Western Europeans it was the guardian of the family hearth. From it formed compositions near churches and temples. Burning this tree was equated with a huge misdemeanor. All its parts were used for medicinal purposes. Lime heart-shaped was a source of honey and raw materials, for the manufacture of a variety of utensils and household items.

Tree name

In olden days, linden was called lubnyak, a paillette and a bastard. These ethnonyms are given by the people because of the materials that the bark of the tree has bestowed on them . Lub - part of the bark, from which they received bast and bast. Russian ethnonym is tied to the ancient word "Lipati", meaning "sticking". Young leaves and fresh tree juice have stickiness.

From two words the lime heart-shaped latin name Tilia cordata has received. The basis for the generic name of the tree was the Greek word ptilon (modified in tilia), translated as "wing", or "feather". It is directly related to the pterygoid fringe leaves that have fused with the peduncles. With the species name of the plant, the shape of its leaves resembling the heart was related. It comes from the Latin cordata - "heart".

Areal

The European expanses and the adjacent Asian regions have chosen the linden as heart-shaped for habitation. It captured vast spaces in the Russian forest and forest-steppe zones. There are islets and clear lime massifs. Huge clean linden trees covered part of the lands of the southern Urals. In other regions, they managed to capture small areas.

In general, the linden grows as an admixture to the stands of broad-leaved and mixed forests. Often found in mixture with oak. Often, the lime trees grow in the second tier of oak forests and coniferous-broadleaf forests. Separate fragments grow in the west of Siberia. Here its range terminates in the lower reaches of the Irtysh, on the right coast. Most of all, the sticking occurs in the Urals and the European territories bordering on it.

Ecology

The tree is demanding for the fertility of soils. It is not able to tolerate waterlogging, but rather shade-tolerant. Lime juvenile perfectly develops in the second tier, under the shadow cast by thick fir groves. The trees grow a luxurious crown with rich foliage, giving a dense shadow. Under this canopy, many shrubs and trees can not grow.

Since the gas resistance of the linden heart-shaped is quite large, many urban plantings have been formed from it. Along the streets create lime avenues. In parks and squares form group plantings and solo compositions. It is good for roadside plantings.

In urban landscapes not only a small-leafed linden is used, but also its closest relative. Lipu large-leaved, whose homeland is the central regions of Europe, is added to a variety of planting cities. Trees perfectly bear the haircut of the crowns.

Nearest relatives

In the lands of the Far East there are two varieties of lime - Amur and Manchurian. They have medicinal properties and morphology of the lime heart-shaped. In linden, large-leaved, an earlier flowering is noted. The size of leaves and flowers she has more than a relative.

Biological Description

Lime tree belongs to deciduous trees. Slender tree trunks, crowned with wide hipped crowns, grow to a height of 20-38 meters. Young lindens are covered with a smooth brown bark. In old trees, the upper layer of the crust of dark gray hues on the trunks is covered with deep furrowed cracks.

The plant has a powerful root system. Its strong core root penetrates deeply into the soil, providing the tree with high wind resistance.

The heart-shaped lime is strewn with the next, heart-shaped, drawn on top in a sharp-pointed leaves. The description does not end there. The length and width of the leaves oscillate in the range of 2-8 centimeters. The shoots are covered with large leaves, their size reaches 12 centimeters.

The finely serrate edges of the plate have a clear venation. Their top naked, green hues, and the bottom is bluish, veined with yellowish-brown hairs, collected in bundles. Long green leafy felt petioles in summer have a green color, in autumn they are red. The leaves of the lime blossom very late. Its crowns are green only by the end of May, and even in early June. Only the oaks are dressed in foliage after the stump.

The fragrant flowers of the lime heart-shaped are painted in yellowish white tones. Their diameter does not exceed one centimeter. They, gathered in bundles of 3-15 pieces, form the corymbose inflorescences attached to a greenish-yellowish bracteate lanceolate leaf that fuses halfway along the axis of the inflorescence.

The calyx of flowers is five-leaved, the corolla is five-leaved, with a multitude of stamens. The pistil has a five-branch ovary, a short thickened column, and five stigmas. Flowering begins in the early days of July (occasionally at the end of June). Blossom trees for 2-3 weeks. A heart-shaped lime is pollinated by various insects.

The botanical description of the fruit of this tree is especially interesting. The fruit is called a linden nut. It has a spherical shape and a diameter of 4-8 mm. The shell of the tiny nut is thin and fragile. Nuts are ripening in September, and crumbling begins with the advent of winter, when the crowns are completely bared.

The fruits fall off with whole inflorescences. Hardly touching the snow cover, they, picked up by the wind, fly away into the distance. In winter, during the thaw, the snow cover thickens, twitching. The ornate, equipped with a sail-a bracty leaf, is carried by the wind blowing along the icy crust, like a tiny buoy.

Reproduction

In nature, a tree prefers to reproduce in a vegetative way. It develops from the broods and stems. In the Lipnjak, the main part of the stand, in fact, belongs to the sprout origin.

However, it is not in vain that a lot of fruit-nuts are formed on trees. Lime does not bypass the seed renewal. In the forest, there are always sprouts that have emerged from its seeds. To understand that a sprout with two strongly dissected leaves is a linden is too difficult. These leaves are not at all like those collected in the crown.

Growth in lime seedlings is slowed down. Its acceleration is noted in the sixth year of life of the shoot. Up to sixty years, the linden grows at a rapid pace, and then it seems to freeze. By 130-150 years, having reached the maximum growth, it ceases to increase its height.

However, this does not apply to the width of the trunk and the crown. They continue to grow on the sly for many years. Lime heart-shaped - long-liver. Trees live for 300-400 years. Some relic specimens survive to 600 years.

Chemical composition

Aromatic lime flowers are saturated with flavonoids, tannins, carotene, saponins. They have vitamin C, sugars and essential oils. In the bracts, mucus is found with tannins. The lime cortex is rich in triterpenoide with tylidine.

Fruit-nuts are enriched with fatty oil. In nutlets, its concentration is close to 60%. The quality of this oil is high, it is not inferior to the provencal. It has a taste of almond or peach oil. Carbohydrates, mucus, carotene and vitamin C are found in the leaves.

Pharmacology

Lime heart-shaped refers to a group of medicinal plants that have a light spasmolytic, secretolitic, diuretic and diaphoretic effect. Lime blossom is characterized by diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, soothing, antipyretic and diuretic effects on the human body.

Medicinal value

Lipa relieves febrile conditions, colds associated with inflammation of the throat and bronchi. It is used for influenza, angina, tuberculosis and mumps. Lime flowers are recognized as the best remedy for pyelonephritis and cystitis. Thanks to decoctions of dried flowers get rid of intestinal colic, atherosclerosis.

To boils are applied compresses, for which leaves, flowers and kidneys are used. Lipa heart-shaped is endowed with sedative effect. Thanks to her reduce the viscosity of the blood. Fruit-nuts are used to stop bleeding. They heal extensive burns. They help with mastitis, gout and hemorrhoids.

Calcined and crushed wood removes flatulence, eliminates poisoning. Lime tar is treated with eczema. Infusions of lime flowers are recommended to drink to those who are burdened with diabetes mellitus.

Lime blossom is an excellent cosmetic. Nastoyami and decoctions of it, saturated with a complex of biologically active compounds, strengthen hair, remove sweating, cleanse and soften the skin.