Library - what is it? What types of libraries exist?

Biblion (Greek) - book, teka (Greek.) - storage. Library - what is it? A room for storing books, manuscripts, information on digital media for private or public use.

History

The ancient East is considered the birthplace of the first libraries. In the Babylonian city temple of Nippur, a collection of clay tablets dating from 2500 BC was discovered. E. In the tomb near Theb they found a box with papyri. In the era of Ramses under the New Kingdom, there were 20,000 papyri. Tablets of the Assyrian king are considered the most famous ancient Eastern library in Nineveh.

The center of the ancient collection of books and papyri is the Alexandria Library. It was part of the training complex, which included rooms for sleep, rooms for classes, reading, eating. Created by Ptolemy. It included 200 thousand copies for reading and 700 thousand documents for the school. Destroyed by fire in 270 AD. E.

All the ancient storages of books were kept in the temples. Just like in the Middle Ages, libraries were only at monasteries. There, in special dry cellars, the holy writings and writings of the great Fathers of the Church were rewritten. Copying also required ancient manuscripts, Latin and Greek texts, which fell into the hands of monks. The value of the books was so high that they were even chained to walls and shelves to avoid theft.

Book printing has developed in the invention of the printing press, and this was a new era in the history of libraries. The accessibility of information, the reasonable cost of scientific and fiction literature influenced the development of culture, education and self-consciousness of all mankind.

Types of libraries

• The state.
• Municipal.
• Personal.
• Budgetary.
• Private.
• Educational.

Social types:

• Public.
• Baby.
• High school.
• Sectoral: medical, technical, agricultural.
• For the blind.
• Youthful.
• Academic.

National library what is it? The repository of the entire press of the country. Official publishers are required to provide the archive with several copies of their products. Not only books, but also memos, newspapers, magazines.

Activities

Serving the reader and providing literature for reading or additional education. There are two forms of interaction with customers:

1. Issue of a printed issue in your hands (home) for a certain period.
2. Providing the opportunity to see the book in the reading room.

More demanded material is in the public domain, and the visitor can choose without the help of a librarian. The rest of the literature is in the book depository and is issued on request. On copies of especially rare editions, damaged or containing state secrets, it is necessary to obtain a special permit.

Mobile library what is it? A book depository on wheels? In remote places, where the local archive is meager or it is not at all, a bus leaves with popular literature. This is a classic for schoolchildren or modern novels. It has the function of accepting orders from readers.

"If as a result of a global catastrophe on Earth there is nothing left but libraries, then a person can be reborn," Likhachev wrote.

Library. What are the types of libraries

The main differences between libraries are the volume of the fund (number of books), purpose, budget and national significance. It depends on the financing of the qualification of personnel, the quality of storage and the ability to serve the population in full. And also innovation in obtaining information.

In order for the readership to be more efficient, the library system uses catalogs. These are cards that are information units. Contained in alphabetical order for authors with the title of the book, a summary and the year of release.

Currently, there are two types of card files: manual use and electronic media. The electronic card file is more efficient, it can quickly find the right information, it is durable and does not take up much space in the computer. But not every library has the opportunity to purchase computer equipment in connection with small financing.

Children's libraries

What is a children's library? The repository fund includes books for the youngest readers, as well as literature recommended for school and extracurricular reading. It is a classic and modern stories and stories about children, animals, fairy tales for the development of imagination.

What is a school library and what is its difference from a children's library? The difference is primarily in financing. If children's book depositories are urban institutions and receive money for development from the state, the school library fund is formed at the expense of the school budget. In addition to art and educational books, they contain methodological literature for teachers.

Digital library

What is an electronic library? These are documents (books, magazines, newspapers) in digital format, which are arranged in an ordered collection. It is equipped with search and navigation functions. This can be a website, which is regularly added to texts both artistic and scientific. The fund can include media files that are self-sufficient by themselves and claimed by users.

What is an online library (or electronic) and the main advantages:

• The most accessible information;
• Preservation of national heritage;
• High efficiency for training, self-study, work.

The first projects of electronic libraries appeared in the early 90's. There is practically no state support and funding. But successful and popular projects are supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Humanitarian Scientific Foundation.

The popularity of Internet libraries is growing every day, to date, sites where there is a sale, exchange or simply providing information, more than a thousand.

The modern library

In our age of electronic technology, a modern user needs to effectively provide information. The Russian modern library is at the stage of development. Although the model has already been developed, there are difficulties in the field of implementation. This is mainly financing.

Project "Model Library" - what is it? It is a model of a modern information store for public use. The standard was approved at the sixth annual conference of the Russian Library Association in May 2001. Purpose: to provide the user with any requested information. The first experience was made at rural libraries of the Pskov region.

Methods of service: printed publications, video and audio recordings, drawings, programs. The transfer is by personal reference or online. Objectives: to improve the quality of life of urban and rural residents, to develop new, modern intellectual needs, to facilitate adaptation to the accelerating rhythm of life, to help in finding work or additional employment, to fight against a low standard of living, and to gain knowledge.

The conditions for creating modern libraries are possible when:

• Creative employees;
• Support to local governments;
• Availability of premises and equipment;
• Developed infrastructure.

What is a modern library? This concept has a wide meaning. First of all, the desire to comply with the standard of highly developed countries. For effective work, it is necessary to rebuild all activities. Automate information processing, provide resources on electronic media.

Basic requirements for a modern library

The main requirements can be attributed to the maximum availability for the population. Within a radius of 3 kilometers (or 20 minutes of walking distance) there must necessarily be a library or a branch. It should also have a convenient location for users, at the intersection of pedestrian routes or near public transport stops.

The library room should be separate, in the store to observe the temperature and climatic (humidity) modes. The area is not less than 80-110 sq.m. M. A complete set of equipment: tables, chairs, shelves, technical equipment. Fire protection - at least 1 fire extinguisher for 40-50 square meters. M of floor, in each room. And also the fire alarm system.