Language and contextual synonyms

Synonyms are words that are close or identical in meaning and differ in expressiveness and stylistic features. They come in different forms, for example, linguistic, stylistic. There are also contextual synonyms.

In a broader definition, these are words that have close or identical meanings, expressing one concept, emphasizing its various features, differing with expressive stylistic features and compatibility. This understanding is characteristic of modern linguists and has developed in almost all European languages.

Synonyms and parts of speech

Language and contextual synonyms are characterized by the fact that they always refer to the same part of speech. The conditions of the morphological community are necessary in their definition. Thus, in Russian, they can be referred to as words instant and instant , jelly and cold , huge and huge , lying and lying , as if and so on.

Kinds of synonyms

In the Russian language, there are more than ten thousand synonymous series, and different species are distinguished on the basis of a meaningful criterion.

- Doublets are absolute synonyms, that is words completely identical in meaning ( hippopotamus and hippopotamus , linguistics and linguistics ).

There are few pure doublets in the language. The words hippopotamus and hippopotamuses differ on the basis of scientific and unscientific, their own and others'. The problem arises when concepts are close in meaning. The native speakers easily enough define the stylistic difference between them intuitively. It is more difficult when it comes to semantic synonyms: a house and a building - the "house" unit is used only when talking about where people live. This rhodium inclusion relationship.

- Conceptual, ideographic or semantic synonyms - words that characterize different degrees of manifestation of a feature. For example: beautiful and beautiful .

- Stylistic synonyms - words that give different emotional-evaluative characteristics of the designated: run away , run away or be washed away; Eyes , or a countenance .

- a mixed type - semantic-stylistic synonyms, which differ and are part of conceptual meaning, and connotations. For example: timid , timid , cowardly .

Language and contextual synonyms

Synonyms, fixed in the language practice, and having in the conceptual macrocomplex general semies regardless of the context, are called linguistic: red , bright red , crimson and so on. Such words remain synonymous always, regardless of the context in which they are used. Special dictionaries are compiled for them.

Speech or contextual synonyms reveal the proximity of values only in a specific text and do not have a common seme in the language. For their convergence, there is enough conceptual correlation, that is, they can become words that cause certain associations in the mind of a speaker or a writer. Absolutely different concepts can enter into synonymous relations, mean one and the same and freely replace each other in a certain context, but only within its limits. In dictionaries they are not fixed.