Komsomolsk-on-Amur: population, climate, areas, attractions, rest

On one of the most distant borders of Russia, almost in the middle of the taiga is the legendary Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The population of this city of youth is overwhelmingly the descendants of those who voluntarily came to this unknown undeveloped region in the difficult 30s to build industrial giants here and thereby strengthen the power of their homeland. About Komsomolsk-on-Amur both good and bad write, and the city in the meantime continues to live its usual life. Here, people still fall in love and create families, children are still born, and the memory of Komsomol pioneers is still cherished. Unfortunately, now one of the most popular settlements of the country Komsomolsk-on-Amur is overcoming many difficulties. The population of the city in this regard is steadily decreasing. Someone moves to the south, someone to the center of Russia. But there are many people who are going to live here according to the resettlement program. Our article offers information about all the pros and cons of Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Historical facts

The Far East has always been considered a place of little living. For the development of the region in the XIX century, people were voluntarily and compulsorily sent here. So, in 1860, on the orders of PA Kazakevich, the former governor of the Amur Region, immigrants from the Perm province were sent to a remote taiga region . They founded a village, named after their homeland Perm-on-Amur. They brought them for state money, handed keys to new log houses and 60 rubles for the first time. By the 30th years of the twentieth century there were already 47 good houses in the settlement. Their quiet life dramatically changed in 1932, when the Soviet government decided to build industrial enterprises here. In Perm, decided to build a shipyard, and in the nearby camp of Dzemga - aviation. Keeping active propaganda, the Komsomol members, romantics, adventurers who were devoted to communist ideas, rushed here. Thanks to these people, we are now proud of the beautiful city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Khabarovsk region he made one of the most important industrial regions of the country. Already in May 1932, 6776 Komsomol members arrived in Khabarovsk, among whom there were only 30 girls! Prior to Perm, they were delivered by Amur on three ships. At the forefront was the steamship "Comintern", he was pulling the barge "Klara Zetkin", and the steamer "Columbus" was closing. To remedy this unfavorable situation, activist Valentina Khetagurova, who herself came to build the city on a Komsomol tour, wrote an open letter urging the girls to go to the Far East to build a happy future. Thousands responded. These girls were called khetagurovkami. Many of them, having arrived in the Amur region, created families there. For the sake of justice, it must be said that not only the Komsomol members, but also the prisoners built Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The population at first was quite rough there, often there were fights and drinking. The city was even called the criminal capital of the region. But thanks to the measures taken by the government, the situation has stabilized. In December of the same year 1932, Komsomolsk-on-Amur was given the status of a city. Lived brave pioneers in huts, dugouts and barracks, built near the erecting industrial enterprises. However, by the 1940s, streets and avenues appeared in the city, new houses had been built, and at the suggestion of Marshal Blucher , youth clubs, a theater, sports sections, and a park were built there.

City today

At present, the second largest city in the Khabarovsk Territory is Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The population according to the 2016 census here is 251,283 people, of whom more than 87% are Russians. The rest of the nationalities are represented by the Yakuts, Buryats, Nanais, Bashkirs, Chinese, Tatars, Ukrainians. The city is spread over an area of 325 km ² , on the left bank of the Amur River, in a place where the river cuts the mountain ranges of the Sikhote-Alin and Bureinsky-Badzhalsky ranges. The Sikhote-Alin hills surround the city from the eastern side, the mountains of Miao-Chan rise from the north, and the Badzhal chain from the west. From the capital here on a straight 6067 km. By rail, the distance increases to 8,679 km. The train "Moscow - Komsomolsk-on-Amur" overcomes them for 6 days, planes - for 10-odd hours.

The territory of the city is quite picturesque and pleasant to the eye. Here, there are several shallower rivers than the Amur River - Silinka, Galichnaya, Hapsol, Black Key, Khorpinskaya, through which 6 bridges have been built. In the immediate vicinity of the city there are large and small lakes. Among them are Mylki, Galichnoe, Rudnikovskoye, Khopry. When constructing a new highway, a mound was built, greatly reducing the size of Myłok and Rudnikovsky, but the massive flood of 2013 was partially restored. In general, floods in Komsomolsk-on-Amur are a common thing. Every year here, during the spill of the Amur, about 54 km ^{2 of the} territory is flooded and approximately the same amount of water is covered partially.

In the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, time, in comparison with Moscow is offset by 7 hours. In Russia it is designated MSK + 7. Concerning the World Coordinated Time, the difference is 10 hours. In this region, a fairly high seismicity, averaging 8 points on the world scale of Richter. Jumps up to 5.5 points are felt here with an enviable periodicity.

The criminal situation in the city until 2001 was very difficult. Encouraged by its criminal authority, Yevgeny Vasin (Jem) and his gang, who controlled the entire business and often stabbed. In 2001, Jema was arrested and put in jail, where he died. Since then, it has become calmer in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Only in some of its districts in the evenings there are any criminal events such as fights, petty theft or hooliganism.

Areas

Komsomolsk-on-Amur has an interesting administrative division. The areas here appear and disappear. First there were two - Central, around the shipyard, and Dzemga, or Leninsky - around the aircraft factory. In 1943 Stalin was added to them. In 1957 the district division in the city was liquidated, and in 1972 it was again restored. Now here, as before, there are Lenin and Central, both are, as it were, separate small towns. In each there are several microdistricts, differing social conditions, transport accessibility and housing prices. In Central it is:

• "Mylki", located near the lake of the same name, is built up mainly by panel houses and the private sector.
• "Magistralny", is located near the station and the center.
• "66 quarter", it has a developed infrastructure.
• "Sail" near the Silinsky Park, built up mainly by private sector houses.

Many streets of Komsomolsk-on-Amur are named after an event. So, in the Leninsky district there is a prospectus of the First Builders (in the popular way "Pervak"). Here the most prestigious and expensive housing costs from 37 000 rubles. For 1 m ² .

In the Leninsky district there are the residences "Paris", "Mendeleevsky", or "Platform", "6th plot". The buildings here are mostly multi-storey, but there is also a private sector.

The most unfavorable is the neighborhood "300", built up by single-storey houses and located near the Silinsky park.

There are very few new buildings in the city. At the moment it is LCD "Central" and several individual buildings. Prices for housing in the new building - from 45 000 rubles. For 1 m ² . Secondary housing can be purchased at a price of 25 000 rubles. For 1 m ² . Rent an apartment without paying utilities costs an average of 10,000 rubles. per month.

Infrastructure

Komsomolsk-on-Amur can be called quite developed in relation to objects of social and cultural life of the city. There are many small shops here, there are about a dozen large supermarkets - SC "Sambery", "Amber", "Desyatochka", TSUM, BOOM, many specialized children's goods stores, electrical equipment, building materials. According to the townspeople, all goods are mainly from China, including food products. Prices for them are set with a northern premium. The infrastructure includes a river port, railway and bus station. Komsomolsk-on-Amur motor roads are connected with the Amur, Khabarovsk, Birobidzhan and several nearby villages. According to drivers, the road surface is far from ideal.

For children and adolescents, there are 52 kindergartens in the city, where there are always places, 59 schools, 4 colleges, 4 vocational schools, 4 technical schools, 2 universities, 4 music schools.

Health care, according to residents, is not developed enough, although there are about a dozen hospitals, seven polyclinics, 3 maternity hospitals, 3 sanatoriums in the city. Especially there are not enough specialists in pediatrics. Now government programs have been launched to attract narrow medical specialists to this region, funds are being allocated for new medical equipment, but so far, to get qualified help, especially in difficult cases, it is necessary to go to Khabarovsk.

But with the cultural life in the city everything is fine. There are 10 Palaces of Culture, the Center for the Development of Children's and Youth Creativity, cinemas, and there is a large cinema center. Komsomolsk-on-Amur was founded in 1932, and a year later the first theater started working here. It was supervised by a prisoner Voznesensky, a former actor. Now there are 9 theaters and one theater studio in the city.

Great attention is paid to sports development of youth. There are 4 sports schools, ski slopes, several swimming pools. Every year a marathon is held in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, where the participants choose which distance to run (there are several options). This distant city was glorified by skiers Julia Chepalova, who became an Olympic champion three times, Anastasia Kravchenko (twice won at the World Orienteering Championships, weightlifter Igor Nikitin, rowing canoe Ivan Styl and other athletes who won silver and bronze medals.

Transport

In Komsomolsk-on-Amur there are almost all types of long-distance communication. The railway station here was opened in 1936, and in 1961 a new one was built. Now the passenger traffic is carried out to the cities of Sovetskaya Gavan, Khabarovsk and Tynda. The train "Khabarovsk - Komsomolsk-on-Amur" is branded and is called "Youth". The location of the city on the shore of the river Amur provides an opportunity to carry out river passenger transportation. Here there is the largest in the Khabarovsk Territory river port, consisting of two branches. Freight is located in the microdistrict "Mendeleyevsky", and a passenger one, equipped with several berths, is in the center of the city. The river station is built according to the original design and is one of the local attractions.

At 22 km (along the highway) from the city is located the village of Khurba, where a large airport is built, which receives aircraft from Khabarovsk, Moscow and some regions of Russia. In addition, there is a military air base here. After the flood of 2013 the airport operates with a reduced load, so the residents mostly fly away from Khabarovsk.

The bus station is popular among the population. Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the infrastructure has several of its branches. From the bus station on Lenin Avenue buses go to Khabarovsk. From the recreation center "Stroitel" - to the villages of Yagodny and Black Cape. From the bus station on the Embankment - in Amursk, Birobidzhan, Khabarovsk, Pivan and Solnechny. From the railway station - to Lian and Hurmuli.

City transport is represented by trams (there are 4 routes), buses and minibuses.

Industry

In Soviet times, the lion's share of military and industrial equipment, equipment, military equipment Komsomolsk-on-Amur was produced. The Khabarovsk Territory, thanks to this city, occupied leading positions in many production indicators. The restructuring here also had a huge impact on the negative dynamics of the development of all industries, many enterprises began to close, people were left without work and left their habitable places. Now the aviation enterprise KnAAZ operates here (it produces aircraft for civil and military aviation), a shipbuilding plant, an oil refinery complex (KhNPP), Khabarovskkraygaz, and machine-building plants (they produce mainly military equipment). In addition to large enterprises, the city has bakeries, meat and fish processing plants, vegetable stores, and in the suburbs there are a poultry farm and a restored greenhouse agrocomplex. Previously, there were more factories functioning, which now either closed down or significantly reduced production. This is one of the main reasons why the population of Komsomolsk-on-Amur has declined by almost 70,000 since 1992. So, the "Sail" (worked for the Ministry of Defense), the sulfuric, electromechanical, dairy, pig-breeding complex ceased to exist, and the plant "Amurmetal" is in crisis.

Nevertheless, there is no unemployment in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Everyone who wants to work has jobs. Salaries in the city are different, depending on the profession and enterprise. On average, office workers, doctors, teachers and low-skilled workers earn 16,000-18,000 rubles per month, while highly skilled workers with high ranks earn between 30,000 and 50,000 rubles. Salaries of the military are much higher and a month make up from 80,000 rubles. All those who are officially organized have a good social package and can take vouchers to local sanatoria and recreation centers at discounted rates. Komsomolsk-on-Amur is very far from all popular resorts, tickets for any type of transport there are very expensive, but employees can take them every two years for free anywhere in the country.

Ecology

According to environmental monitoring, Norilsk, St. Petersburg and Moscow are the most unsuccessful in terms of environmental pollution in Russia. Komsomolsk-on-Amur, according to the rating, which includes 60 cities, is considered quite clean, because he did not get on that black list at all. However, not everything is fine here either. The largest harm to the ecological situation in the city is brought by the Oil Refinery, because of the emissions of which the inhabitants often feel very unpleasant smells. In addition, the big problem of all the townspeople is the strong pollution of the Amur. Many enterprises, including citizens of neighboring China, are carrying out untreated discharges into the river. Because of this, the Amur constantly shows increased concentrations of bacteria, so water is disinfected with shock doses of chemicals. Thanks to such measures in the city, which doctors call a "risk zone" for leukemia, there is an excessively high percentage of cancer patients, an average of 400 out of 100,000. Another problem of the city is the fires raging in the taiga in the spring and summer.

Climatic conditions

Not everyone because of the climate is Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The time of year, which the inhabitants consider most favorable is autumn. It takes less than 2 months, September and half of October, when the days are warm (+ 13 ° - + 10 ° C), there is little precipitation, the wind is moderate, there are no mosquitoes and mosquitoes. Winter starts here in early November, the temperature drops to -8 ° -10 ° C, snow falls, which begins to melt only in April. The winter months in Komsomolsk-on-Amur are very cold, the temperature can fall below -30 ° C, all the time powerful northern winds blow, snowstorms blow. Spring in the Amur region lasts, like autumn, only 1.5 months. Nature begins to awaken, which, of course, pleases. But in the spring, fires begin to rage in the taiga, covering the city with smoke and fire, and the melting snow overflows the Amur, which often causes floods. In summer there are also problems in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Temperatures in this period reach up to + 30 ° C, and sometimes up to + 40 ° C, rains often occur, but the midwife is particularly troublesome. Nevertheless, there are also summer cottages here. Their members somehow miraculously manage to grow not only tomatoes, onion radishes, but even watermelons.

What to see in Komsomolsk-on-Amur

As this city is quite young, there are no historical or architectural sights here. And there are not so many tourists, which is connected not only with the remote location, but also with the fact that Komsomolsk-on-Amur still has a regulated visit. The city is rich in monuments to great people - Lenin, Kirov, Maresyev, Gagarin. Great interest is always given to the monument to the First Builders, the memorial to the fallen in the Great Patriotic War, the monument to the participants in the ice transition of 1934-35, the sculptural composition "To the Komsomol members of the 30's". Guides necessarily show tourists "House with a spire", which became a symbol of the city. This building is relatively new (built in 1956), but its architecture stands out clearly against the background of more modern buildings.

Many are interested in what can be brought from Komsomolsk-on-Amur as a gift. The most popular among tourists are local slippers, embroidered with beautiful patterns and trimmed with sable fur. Birchbark tuesa, rag dolls, Nanaian clothes and souvenirs, fish skin products (bracelets, pictures, cases) are also in demand. Many carry from Komsomolsk-on-Amur red caviar, which here in stores costs from 1500 rubles per kg.

Recreation centers and hotels in Komsomolsk-on-Amur

The most important question for every tourist is where to stay in an unfamiliar city. In Komsomolsk-on-Amur come not only the Russians, but also the Japanese, Americans, Chinese, Koreans. There are several options for accommodation. One

Of the best is the central hotel "Voskhod", which offers rooms of economy, standard and luxury. Other modern hotels of the highest category are "City", "Visit" and "Cupid". They offer standard, comfort and luxury rooms. Prices range from 1900 to 4500 rubles per day, including breakfast. Many tourists choose small hotels in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, where the price per room is set at 450 rubles per day, and the level of service is quite high. This is "Lyudmila" on Gagarin Street, "Trio-97" in Sevastopol, "Era" on Garazhnaya Street.

Surrounded by taiga, mountain hills and blue lakes is Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Rest in such picturesque places is always filled with vivid impressions. Constantly popular is the Alimir ski resort, opened in 2002, located on a mountainside near the Shargol channel. Here are built modern houses with amenities, a cafe, a sauna, a sauna, mangal zones are equipped, there are 2 tracks, springboards, descent for snowboarders. Another excellent ski resort "Amut Snow Lake" is located near the village of Gorny on top of the mountain. It's such a beauty that it's breathtaking. On the base there are ski slopes, a hotel, cottages, a cafe, a dining room, and baths. You can relax in nature, gain strength and spend time with health benefits at the camps "Mishkina dolgo", "Neptune", "Spring", "Shargol".