Is Abkhazia Russia or not? Map of Abkhazia

Abkhazia is an amazing country with an original culture and ancient history. The people who inhabit this territory, call their homeland as follows: Apsny. In translation, this means "Country of Soul".

Location

Abkhazia on the world map occupies a significant territory along the Black Sea. It extends from the Psou River up to the Inguri River. The length of this truly paradisiacal corner is two hundred and twenty kilometers. Numerous holidaymakers are attracted to the country by the gentle sun, the azure sea and the healing air of the mountains. The nature of Abkhazia gives people not only the joy of life. It returns youth and health.

Abkhazia on the world map is in the north-eastern region of the Caucasus. The country is occupied by the Black Sea region. In the north, it borders on Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. In the south-east - with Georgia, in the north-west - with the Krasnodar Territory.

The territory occupied by Abkhazia is an area of 8700 square kilometers. From west to east, its length is one hundred sixty kilometers, and from south to north - fifty-four. The capital of Abkhazia is the city of Sukhum. On the territory of the country there are seven districts, as many cities, four villages and many villages.

History

The period of the emergence of the Abkhazian kingdom is the eighth century. From the second half of the 9th c. It became part of Georgia. In the thirteenth century, the Mongols-Tatars conquered Abkhazia. Since the XVI century. It was ruled by the Turks. Abkhazia within Russia began its history from 1810. After the October Revolution, the Soviet state recognized the territory of Georgia to the Psou River. In fact, Abkhazia was included in this democratic republic. On February 25, 1921, a Bolshevik coup was carried out in Georgia. Already in March 1921, Soviet power was proclaimed in Abkhazia. Since December of the same year, it has become part of the Georgian SSR.

Throughout the Soviet period, the situation in Abkhazia was tense. Mass disturbances of the local population were observed in 1957, 1967 and in 1978. The Abkhaz demanded withdrawal from the Georgian Republic.

Especially aggravated these relations in 1989. On March 18, the Abkhazian people gathered at a 30,000-strong rally, at which proposals were proposed to withdraw from Georgia. In June 1989, bloody clashes with Georgians took place in Sukhumi. They resulted in sixteen deaths. The conflict was settled by the authorities.

The war with Georgia

On August 25, 1990, the Supreme Council of Abkhazia adopted a declaration on sovereignty. The aggravation of the political situation occurred with the introduction of Georgian troops into the territory of Abkhazia. In 1992, the Supreme Council of Abkhazia announced the termination of the constitution, adopted in 1978. The constitution of 1925 was recognized. The document specified the pre-autonomous status of the territory. This was not recognized by Georgia. In parallel, the war in Abkhazia was unleashed. During the fighting, artillery, aviation and other weapons were used.

Establishing control over part of its territory, as well as preserving the integrity of the country, is the goal pursued by Georgia. Abkhazia aspired to expand the rights of its autonomy, as well as to gain independence.
In late 1992, the war began to be of an opposition character. None of the parties in this confrontation won the victory and could not. As a result, a number of documents were signed between Abkhazia and Georgia. They enshrined the agreement on the complete cessation of all hostilities. At the same time heavy weapons and troops had to leave the territory of the conflict.

After some lull, military operations were resumed. In 1993, Abkhazian troops began to control Sukhumi, which forced the National Guard of Georgia to leave the territory of Abkhazia.

The war was a big test. During the fighting, about sixteen thousand people died on both sides. The damage that was inflicted on the economy of Abkhazia is estimated at almost eleven billion dollars.

Peacekeeping Forces

The Russian side acted as an intermediary between the conflicting parties. In May 1994, an agreement was signed in Moscow on the separation of forces and the cease-fire. The collective forces of the CIS were introduced into the conflict zone, whose task is to maintain the non-renewal of the fire.

Peacekeeping troops, consisting of Russian servicemen, controlled the 30-kilometer security zone between Georgia and Abkhazia.

UN actions

The Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Council was established in 1997. This happened during the Geneva talks. Representatives of the United Nations, as well as of the Russian Federation, participated in the work of the Council. However, in 2006 a new power operation began in the Kodori Gorge. Georgia carried out large-scale sweep operations in the villages along Kodori. Official Tbilisi announced control over the Kodori Gorge.

In October 2006, the UN Security Council adopted resolution No. 1716. It called for the conflicting parties to stop any military action that impedes peace processes. The UN expressed concern over the failure of the Georgian side to implement the agreement signed in Moscow, as well as other agreements.

The way to independence

Is Abkhazia Russia or not? Since 2001, the Caucasian Republic has taken various actions, seeking entry into the CIS. She wants to unite with Russia, retaining the rights of an independent state. However, the official position of the Russian Federation is such that the great power does not accept such an opportunity. This was stated by Russian Ambassador to Georgia Vladimir Chkhikvishvili in 2003.

Internal passports in Abkhazia have been circulating since 2005. They have been issued since the age of fourteen.

Currently Abkhazia is Russia or not? No. However, the Russian President V.V. Putin began to ensure that state formations in the post-Soviet territory were recognized as independent, similar to the status of the province of Kosovo. On this issue, the Russian Foreign Ministry held consultations with the President of Abkhazia, as well as Transnistria. They took place in 2006.

Transnistria, Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the same year signed an agreement on mutual assistance, cooperation and friendship. At the same time, a community of three republics was created, whose goal was to fight for the rights and democracy of peoples. The framework of this structure includes economic and political cooperation, as well as the creation of peacekeeping forces capable of replacing the Russian military.

Abkhazia today

At present it is a presidential republic. The attributes of its statehood are the hymn, flag and coat of arms. The supreme legislative body is the People's Assembly and the Parliament. The executive branch is represented by the President and the Cabinet of Ministers.

Is Abkhazia Russia or not? No. The Republic of Abkhazia is an independent state. De jure, its existence by the world community has not yet been recognized. Most Democrats whitewashed the aggressor, and the actions of the Russian Federation were classified as an attack on Georgia.

In 2008, the conflict escalated. The Georgian army made an attempt to seize South Ossetia. From Russia, political steps have been taken. The Russian Federation recognized the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. At the same time, she urged other states to follow suit.

Abkhazia is not part of Russia. She is considered a separate republic. Moreover, the majority of the population of the country have Russian citizenship. It was granted to them many years ago.

The majority of Russians think that Abkhazia enters Russia. When you visit this country do not need a visa, and payment means in the republic are the banknotes of the Russian Federation.

After the March 2014 referendum, Russia annexed the Crimea. Abkhazia and South Ossetia intensified the discussion on their further status.

Countries that have recognized an autonomous state

Throughout its history, Apsny was an unrecognized country. To date, it has received recognition from five states that are members of the UN. The first was Russia. In September 2008, Abkhazia was recognized by Nicaragua, in September 2009 - Venezuela, in December 2009 - Nauru, in September 2011 - Tuvalu. The independence of the republic was also recognized by South Ossetia, Transnistria and Nagorno-Karabakh.

Border

Is Abkhazia Russia or not? No. That is why in order to get to the republic, it is necessary to cross the border through the checkpoint. One of them, Psou, is not far from Adler. Minibuses go to this checkpoint from the Sochi bus station every five to fifteen minutes. In order to get to Abkhazia, it is enough to have an internal passport with you. Children need only a birth certificate. Sometimes border guards can ask for permission to leave a minor child in Russia, which must be notarized.

The capital and regions of Abkhazia

The administrative center of the republic is the city of Sukhum. The map of Abkhazia indicates its location. It is located in the central part of the independent state, on the Black Sea coast, on the coast of the Sukhum Bay. A hundred and seven kilometers from the city - the border with Russia. The status of the city of Sukhum has been in existence since 1848.

From the north and east the capital of Abkhazia is protected by mountain ranges. In this regard, the climate in this area is quite mild. Even when the foothills of the republic are still very cold, acacia, mimosa and roses bloom in Sukhum. Snow here is an extremely rare occurrence. During the year there are about two hundred and twenty sunny days.

Back in 1898, the World Congress of Physicians Sukhum was recognized as the best place in the world to promote the recovery of pulmonary patients. And all this thanks to the beautiful climate, subtropical vegetation, the sea and ionized air.

The map of Abkhazia acquaints us with the regions of the republic. One of them is the Gagra. Its administrative center is the city of Gagra. The largest settlements are Pitsunda, Bzyb, Gechripsh and Tsandripsh. The difference of this area is a high recreational potential. In this area there is Lake Ritsa. Borders the area with the Russian Krasnodar Territory.

The resort town of Gagry (Abkhazia) is familiar to almost everyone. It is located on the Black Sea coast. This picturesque resort is located thirty-six kilometers from the Sochi airport. It is protected by mountains from cold winds. At the same time, the sea warm air is retained on its territory. Being at different altitudes, the gorges of the mountains contribute to ventilation and renewal of air masses in the city. Gagra is considered to be the driest and warmest place on the entire Caucasian coast of the Black Sea. Here the average annual air temperature is fifteen degrees. Winters in the city are warm and mild. In the coldest period, the air warms up to seven degrees.

The resort that Abkhazia is proud of today (see photo below) was founded by a relative of Nicholas I - Prince AP. Oldenburg. He took part in the transformation of the city into a full recreation zone. A telegraph, a water supply and a climate station were built. The park, laid on the beach, decorated with agaves, orange and lemon trees, palms and cypresses. The first tourists arrived in the city in 1911.

Another famous seaside climatic resort is the city of Pitsunda. It is located twenty-five kilometers to the south of Gagra. The climate in Pitsunda is similar to Sochi. It is subtropical and humid. The resort is famous for its truly unique pine grove - the remnant of the Crimean-Caucasian ancient vegetation. Now it is the territory of the state reserve. The mixing of sea and mountain air with ozone, isolated by relic pine, makes the microclimate of this area truly curative.

The next unit of administrative division is Gudautsky district. The center of the district is in the city of Gudauta. In addition, the largest settlements are Novy Afon and Lykhny. The Gudauta district was the only one in the republic that, during the military conflict with Georgia, was completely controlled by the Abkhaz government.

Gudauta is considered a seaside resort. The climate here is humid, subtropical. Winter is very mild. The holiday season in the city lasts all year round. Gudauta is famous for its gardens, where fruit and citrus plantations grow. On the elevated terrain near the sea there is a city park. From the north and north-east to Gudauta there is a mountain chain of the Caucasian ridge, the peaks of which are covered with snow almost seven months a year.

The resort is located on the shore of a sea bay. Here the beaches are gravel, only in the east they are replaced by sandy ones. The swimming season begins in mid-May and lasts until October. The resort is recommended for patients with pathology of the respiratory system, cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as with metabolic disorders.

In the Sukhum district, in addition to the capital, Pskh and Yashtkhua are major settlements. In Gulryshsky - Gulryshsh, Azhara and Tsabal.

To the south of the Kodori range is the population of the Ochamchyr district.
The main settlement of Tkuarchal district, absent in the documents of Georgia, is Tkuarchal. The main source of income for the district budget is the Turkish firm Tamsash. She is engaged in open-pit mining. Near the capital of the region is Mount Lashkendar. It is considered one of the seven Abkhaz sanctuaries. In Abkhazia there is another district - Gal. Its main population is the Mingrelians.

Nature

Georgia, Abkhazia, Ossetia ... The map of these three Transcaucasian states can tell about the main sights of the region and its nature.

If you decide to visit Abkhazia, you will be able to see that it is a country of mountains. They begin already a kilometer from the sea. A little further - steep cliffs, severe canyons with rare roads.

Due to the rugged rivers, mountain peaks, sea spaces and subtropical plants, Abkhazia is an extremely picturesque region. The relief of the territory of the republic is distinguished by the spurs of the main mountain massif of the Caucasus. Their list includes the Abkhaz, Kodori, Gaga and Bzybsky. The highest point in Abkhazia is Mount Dombai-Ulgen. Its height is 4048 m.

In the south-east of the republic there is the Colchis lowland. Between it and the mountains are hilly foothills. There are many caves in Abkhazia. The deepest of all that is on our planet is Krubera-Raven. It is located not far from Gagra. The depth of the cave is 2080 m.

The rivers flowing through the territory of the republic belong to the Black Sea basin. The largest of them are Kialasup and Kodor, Gumista and Bzyb. All of them are many-watered. At the same time, their hydropower potential is very large. The food of the rivers of Abkhazia, as a rule, rain or snow. The shortest river in the world flows on the territory of the Gagra region. Its length is only eighteen meters. There are known reservoirs such as Lake Ritsa and Gegsky Falls.

The flora of Abkhazia is very diverse. There are more than three and a half thousand species of plants. Almost half of the country's area is covered with forests. They grow broad-leaved trees - oak, hornbeam, chestnut, etc. There are many fir and spruce forests in the middle mountains. At altitudes over two kilometers, there are alpine meadows and crooked forests. Even higher - eternal snow or rock-rubble plants.

Among the large mammals that occur in the forest zones of Abkhazia, lynx and bears, roe deer and red deer, wild boars and jackals. Trout and salmon, pike-perch and other fish live in water bodies.