Installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system. Fire alarm

Automation of fire safety systems has raised the quality of fighting fires to a new level. Outdated manual analogues are gradually disappearing into the past, leaving room for more efficient devices. This applies to the means of extinguishing fires, and to alarms that are organically integrated into similar complexes. At the same time, the installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system (APTT) requires a professional approach at every stage of its implementation. Full-scale construction of the facility with means for identifying and fighting fires includes design, development and installation activities. At the same time, it is necessary to follow technological standards, which will avoid errors in the installation process.

General information about the ASHT complexes

Modern fire extinguishing systems are designed to provide complete control in the process of eliminating a fire without the direct participation of people. Depending on the constructive solution used, the ASPT can be divided into engineering complexes and individual modules. The simplest is the installation of fire-extinguishing systems of modular type, as they have a standardized device and are designed for typical facilities - for example, warehouses and industrial shops. Much more difficult installation of engineering ASPT, as they require careful design, maintenance and in-depth maintenance. Such firefighting systems are more expensive, but they can be implemented at various sites and in the future to provide effective localization of the fire with increased security for property and people.

Composition of automatic fire extinguishing systems

Despite the many classes, varieties and bundles of ASPT, it is possible to single out a common set of elements that form their structure. In particular, the installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system involves equipping the facility with devices for detecting sources of ignition, managing the infrastructure and means for delivering substances and materials for extinguishing. To detect fire, alarm annunciators are used: opto-electronic, thermal, gas and other models. Delivery of fire extinguishing media depends on what substance is used. So, there are ASPT, working on aerosol, gas, water, foam, powders, etc. For their delivery, pipelines, nozzles, various nozzles and sprinklers can be used. The choice of a particular extinguishing agent depends on the conditions of its application. For example, in residential premises there will be special requirements for environmental safety in the operation of the system, and on the production facilities, efficiency comes to the fore - especially when extinguishing wiring and explosive substances.

Sprinkler water ASRT

Water extinguishing systems are among the most common. In this case, the installation is considered, which includes a special sprinkler - the so-called sprinkler. This element is integrated into the pipeline system, which can be filled with air, foam or water. Combined models are also found in which the supply pipeline system is always filled with water, and air can be used in supply and distribution channels. Sprinkler water fire extinguishing systems are able to determine the time to do their work without human intervention. Initially, the sprinkler is closed, which is provided by a thermal lock. When a certain temperature is reached in the environment, the closing flask is depressurized and after 5-10 minutes the installation begins firefighting.

Deluge water ASRT

Despite the similarity of deluge machines with sprinkler ones, there are quite a few fundamental differences. First, it's a different approach to detecting a fire. In such systems, the fire alarm system does not work at the expense of temperature-sensitive flasks and thermal locks, but with the help of external fire detectors, that is, fire alarms with associated sensors. Secondly, the water discharge in the deluge ASPT is greater, and the irrigation system as a whole is more complicated. Built-in nebulizers can dispense finely dispersed water in the form of droplets with a size of 150 microns. At the same time, the irrigating nozzles are jet, gas-dynamic, 2-phase, and can also be equipped with deflectors for splitting jets. The most successful deluge water systems cope with the localization of fires, the breaking up of sectors into sectors, the obstacle to the spread of thermal foci and the prevention of burning of toxic substances.

Gas fire extinguishing

Modern APTT, which work with the use of gas fire extinguishing compounds, can be installed both in non-residential and residential areas. It depends on which gas is used. Recently, manufacturers provide for the use of such compounds as argonite and inertogen, which are non-synthetic and do not have harmful effects on the atmosphere. The principle of quenching in this case is based on replacing oxygen, reducing its content leads to a weakening of combustion. However, the installation of fire extinguishing systems on gas mixtures should also provide for the factor that a sharp decrease in the oxygen level can contribute to indisposition in people who are in the room. Still, the main objects where installation of gas automatic fire extinguishing systems is recommended are non-residential premises - server rooms, libraries, museums, banks and offices. This is due to the fact that in the process of extinguishing gas, material values are completely preserved.

Design of fire extinguishing systems

The main task facing the designers is the preparation of technical and budget documentation, which describes the system and its elements in the finished form, as well as the regulatory data for installation. Step-by-step design of fire extinguishing systems can be presented as follows:

• Visit the specialists of the working object.
• Determination of the optimal type of extinguishing system.
• Drawing up of the technical task and its approval by the customer.
• Development of project documentation on the basis of terms of reference.
• Harmonization of prepared documents in supervisory bodies.
• Implementation of the technical part of the project in accordance with the regulations.

Graphic part design

To visualize the future fire-fighting system, it is also necessary to develop graphic documentation. In this case, the authors must prepare a plan, which will take into account the characteristics of the specific site where the facility is located. In particular, exit routes from the territory, opportunities for the access of special equipment, schemes for laying water pipes, arrangement of sprinklers, nozzles, hydrants and signaling devices are indicated. If stationary fire extinguishing systems are used, it is also necessary to take into account the locations of tanks and reservoirs with water and pumping stations. Mandatory are the schemes, which indicate the ways for evacuation of personnel, tenants and material assets. Planning a safe exit is not only in relation to a particular building or structure, but also from the adjacent area within which a fire can spread.

General rules for the installation of fire extinguishing systems

Depending on the type of system selected, electrical, water and welding operations may be required during the installation. The work of the wizard basically involves fixing the elements of the system, as well as their connection to the general infrastructure through special nodes. The standard installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system includes the following works:

• Mounting of sensors, indicators and other sensitive elements that catch fire signs.
• Integration of elements that provide notification of occurrence of a non-public situation.
• Installation of means, through which the storage and subsequent transfer of substances intended for firefighting.
• Installation of nebulizers directly performing the function of eliminating fire.

An important element of such systems is the fire alarm system, which can act as part of the complex in the form of these sensors or perform a separate function of the detector.

Installation of water fire extinguishing

By and large, the entire technical infrastructure of ASPT is aimed at servicing the material with which fire fighting is being carried out. In the case of water complexes, a set of system components can be represented by a pumping station, a fluid reservoir, control nodes, a pipeline and irrigation devices. After the design, the installation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system of this type aims to correctly distribute and reduce the elements in a common complex.

The pump station can occupy a separate room, but it must be insulated with refractory screens. Optimum places for installing sprinklers are the ceiling surfaces and joists. But another principle of their integration is possible, including hidden one - everything depends on the fire threat in a particular room. The nodes, through which the operation of the alarm and fire-fighting system are regulated, are located in a safe place, where free access is provided by the personnel. The pipeline and the tank are connected to each other and can be connected to the central water supply, but only under the condition of compliance with sanitary norms.

Maintenance of ASCT

Maintenance activities can be identified at the design stage. As a rule, they provide for checking the elements of the complex for the correctness of the functions and the status of the working resource. At the same time, maintenance of fire extinguishing systems involves an analysis of the conditions in which the equipment is contained. If, for example, the nature of the operation of a building or a building has changed, in accordance with it, adjustments to the technical part of the complex must be made.

How much does APTT cost?

The utility of modern firefighting systems can not be doubted, but when planning equipment with such equipment, one should also prepare for significant costs. The cheapest solutions include autonomous complexes, which include several modules. Systems on a powder fire extinguishing substance with a typical layout for a small room can cost 11-13 thousand rubles. But in most cases such a decision is difficult to manage, and it is required to install a fire fighting system, the cost of which can exceed 100 thousand rubles. For this amount, the customer receives a full protection from a fire in the form of an automatic complex equipped with alarm sensors, a modern control point and advanced functionality. The most expensive solution can be the ASPT with finely dispersed water, which includes several modules, united by a common control point. Such a system for equipping a trading hall can cost about 500 thousand rubles.