How to determine late or early ignition? Ignition timing adjustment

The ignition system consists of a source of electrical energy, a coil, a breaker or control unit, candles and power cables. The purpose of this set of devices - at the right time with a spark to ignite the mixture of air and fuel, supplied to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.

Types of launch systems

The complex of ignition mechanisms is divided into types according to the design features and the principle of operation. So, the ignition happens:

- contact;

- non-contact;

- Electronic.

The essence of the work

When the key is turned, the starter turns the crankshaft of the motor, the energy first comes from the battery, after it comes from the generator to the coil with a breaker and then goes directly to the spark plugs through the power cables. The correct ignition of the car depends on the adjustments made by the trambler. The task of the coil is to accumulate and convert the low-voltage current (12 V) into an increased value (about 30 000 V). Trembler, receiving the converted energy, makes its distribution by candle, the latter with the help of a spark ignite the mixture in the cylinders at a certain moment of piston motion. Under this scheme, contact ignition functions.

Non-contact start system

This type has an improved set of devices:

- coil with switch;

- Current distribution device with pulse sensor;

- set of sensors for detonation and pressure.

The latter allow you to monitor the operation of the motor and take measures to establish profitable operating modes.

Electronic starting system

Electronic ignition differs from the rest by the presence of an electronic control unit, which has the function to monitor the ignition, fuel injection and advance timing. Here the electric current is accumulated and divided. Electronic ignition makes it impossible to change parameters spontaneously and makes the engine work stable. Also, the efficiency is increased, and fuel consumption is reduced. Running in the winter season will not be difficult, it will not be required to start the engine for a long time. Also, the development of optimal advance angles is automatically generated. Do not worry about the need for adjustments.

Early ignition

Both these types are undesirable and will negatively affect the working process of the power plant. The early ignition of the fuel / air mixture occurs when the piston has not yet reached the recommended position. It is far from the top dead center. Thus the begun combustion and allocated energy prevent passage of the piston for fulfillment of a normal working course. There are additional loads on the details of the crank-rod group. Bearings tolerate overloads and become more quickly defective. To know how to determine a late or early ignition, you need to familiarize yourself with such signs of start-up:

- will be audible characteristic ringing metallic sounds, evidencing the development of elements of the CC;

- engine operation will be unstable and intermittent;

- when you press the accelerator, the engine starts to choke and stall.

Later ignition of the mixture

Under such conditions, a spark will be generated later than the recommendations for normal motor operation require. With this option, the piston can already be at TDC, and then the fuel will ignite. It will not have time to completely burn out and give up all energy, as the piston will make a working stroke. In this case, the unburned mixture through the exhaust valves will fly out into the exhaust pipe. In order to have an idea of how to check the ignition, it is necessary to observe the following factors:

- engine power will decrease significantly;

- fuel consumption will increase substantially;

- overheating of the power plant and incandescence of the exhaust manifolds is possible;

- the formation of carbon deposits on the inner surface of the cylinder and the elements of the crank-piston group.

The question of how to determine the late or early ignition, now will not put you in a dead end, but you need to know the elementary structure and the action of the motor to determine the problems by ear.

Starting complex of a diesel engine

In diesel power plants there are no candles, tramblers and coils, which has contact ignition. The ignition occurs due to the compression stroke. In this process, fuel is injected into the cylinder in the state of hygroscopic particles. During compression, due to heating, combustion and working cycle occur. For the delivery of diesel fuel in the cylinders meet the injectors and the fuel pump of high pressure. Inside the nozzles are installed plunger pairs, intended for spraying. Early ignition on a diesel engine is determined by analogous signs with gasoline engines. For nominal operation, it is necessary to adjust the injection pump so that the operation of the plungers occurs within the recommended limits. To determine the pressure of the pump, a manometer must be connected to one of the fuel lines. The quality of the spray depends on the condition of the plunger nozzle pair. If the component elements of the injector are in an unsatisfactory state, this will necessarily affect the performance of the power plant. To adjust the nominal values of injection, instead of piping to the pump, connect transparent plastic tubes. When scrolling the crankshaft according to the marks, it will be seen in which position the pistons are being fed with fuel.

How to set the ignition

The setting must be carried out with the motor not running. It is required to prepare a set of necessary keys (13 and 38). After that, the candles are dismantled and their condition is inspected. Normal electrodes have a ginger color. If the color is dark, you need to change the air filter and clean the elements that generate the spark. It is necessary to install the piston of the first cylinder in TDC by cranking the crankshaft. It will be necessary to combine the marks on the block and the flywheel. There are symbols of TDC and HMT. On the block there are three marks, meaning the ignition advance 10, 5 and 0 degrees. For normal operation, the lead angle should be 5 degrees. After carrying out these manipulations, carry out the installation of candles, cleaning of keys and other devices not related to the operation of the power plant. It should be borne in mind that the motor cylinders do not act one at a time, but have a clearly defined pairing of work. If the first piston is brought to the compression stroke, then its partner - the third or fourth cylinder - is in the same state.

How to adjust the timing of the candles

To do this, you need the conclusions with a light bulb and a key to loosen the mount of the trambler. One output must be connected to the low voltage wire of the coil, and the second to the ground. The lamp will function as a voltmeter. Turn the key in the lock to make the ignition on. The body of the tumbler needs to be rotated clockwise until the lamp stops shining. The spark that appears will mean the moment of ignition. After that, you need to turn the case in the opposite direction until the lamp lights up again. Now you need to make fastening operations, and on this setting is considered complete. Now to figure out how to determine a late or early ignition, it will not be a problem.

Is it possible to install an electronic control unit

It is possible to install such a device on cars with a contact type of ignition. These improvements will need to be spent, but the effect will pay back all the costs. Installation of the unit will allow:

- reduce noise;

- increase the life of the motor;

- apply gasoline with a different octane number without harm to the power plant;

- to achieve an increase in traction and power characteristics;

- increase efficiency;

- reduce fuel consumption;

- meet the requirements of the environment (emissions of harmful substances will be reduced);

- monitor the parameters of the engine.

When using such a unit, it will not be necessary to think how to determine later or earlier the ignition, everything will be done automatically.

Non-contact start-up type setting

Identification of problems occurs in conditions of a car with a warm engine. When the car will accelerate, you need to sharply give gas, then you will hear the knocking of the piston fingers, which continues for the time of speed dialing. If this happens longer, the distributor body will need to be turned from left to right one degree. If there is no sound of detonation, the body will need to be turned in the opposite direction by the same amount. The duration of detonation should be within two seconds. The accuracy of the settings made may depend on the serviceability and normal operation of the fuel system and the air filter, which varies every 10 thousand kilometers.

So, we figured out how to determine a late or early ignition.