Homeland fern of the room. Varieties of indoor fern

Many people often noticed how their mood changed when they were engaged in the care of flowers or even just looked at them. Specialists have long established the existing relationship between indoor plants and people's behavior, and even certain features of their character.

Many people know that plants have a special energy. Without flowers it is impossible to create a truly cozy home. Housing will acquire a completely different appearance when it displays indoor plants - ferns, monsters, violets, etc. Even one exotic plant, planted in a beautiful pot, gives a special charm to the interior.

Home green pets

Indoor plants allow a person to approach nature, even without leaving the apartment. Indeed, in gray panel buildings only they help to cheer up. At the same time, these pets need care, without which they can completely wither. Picking different species, plant growers can have on the windowsill a blooming garden for almost the entire year.

Some varieties are grown for their edible fruit, for example, orange, pomegranate, lemon, etc., and others for their decorative appearance. One of the most common is the fern room, a photo of which can often be found in cropping magazines.

A lot of mysterious stories and legends are associated with him. Perhaps this is one of the most ancient plants on our planet.

general information

The pattern of its leaves can not be confused with anything. Until now, archaeologists have found it in age-old fossils. Legends and legends, which are surrounded by ferns of the rooms, the species and names of which are numerous, live to this day ...

For example, it is believed that it blooms only on the night of Ivan Kupala. Legends say that the fern bud reveals with a strong crack, burning with a bloody flame, and such that people could not, without squinting, look at it. To break this flower, it was necessary to come to the forest on a dark night and sit in a circle, delineated on the ground and protecting from evil spirits. As soon as the fern bud "caught fire", it was necessary to immediately tear it and hide it, so that evil spirits did not see it before a person and could not take it away.

Anyone who found this bright flower, became prophetic. He could read the thoughts of the surrounding people, listen to what the beasts say or birds sing. Even the hearts of girls, the guys managed to charm with the force of heat-color forever.

Never bloom?

No matter how beautiful the legend is, it will never come true in real life. Because in fact neither the forest nor the fern has ever blossomed or blossomed. This is a family that, like mosses or horsetails, just does not have flowers. Many will remember from the school course on botany that after the flower fades, in its place fruits are formed.

And there are no seeds at the room fern. They develop spores, with which this plant multiplies, and before that they must necessarily touch the water.

Description

Indoors, this plant is not only an ornament. It cleans the air of harmful substances and dust, absorbing and neutralizing smells, saturating with moisture and creating a favorable microclimate.

From the remaining higher plants - flowering or gymnosperms - the fern of the room (the birthplace of the plant is not known for certain) is distinguished by the absence of seeds and the ability to reproduce by means of spores. Therefore, in the realm of green inhabitants of our planet, it occupies a special niche.

The stems of most species are underground, sometimes upright terrestrial, curly and branched. The length of the stems can reach up to twenty meters. Leaves have a special structure. They are called vayami and are difficult-dissected or simple.

Fern room: species

This plant is included in the ancient group, the history of which is much longer than the time of the existence of flowering plants on the planet Earth. Apparently, that's why the birthplace of the fern - indoor and all other species - is unknown. In the Paleozoic and Mesozoic epoch, many of them were large trees, the wood of which served as a basis for coal for centuries .

Choose for cultivation fern room, photo of which every plant grower knows, is not so simple. There are almost two thousand different species that are suitable for growing them indoors, though not all of them are on sale.

And although the birthplace of the fern room is not exactly known, there is a suggestion that the plant came to us from the tropical latitudes. Some species are ideal for disembarkation in hanging baskets, while others, for example, Asplenium nesting or Nephrolepis Bostoniensis, are very large, so they are contained as single specimens. Despite the fact that the birthplace of the fern room, presumably, the subtropics, there are such varieties that like shade and, most importantly, humidity.

In indoor floriculture, according to generally accepted classification, this plant is included in the group decorative deciduous. This is understandable: different kinds of this green pet attract attention with their original appearance. Is not an exception and variegated fern room. The native land of the pteris is the USA. However, some biologists tend to consider him a guest from South Africa or New Zealand. At home, several species are bred.

Nephrolepis

This is the most common variety of ferns belonging to the Devallian family. It can often be found not only in apartments, but also in the offices of many companies. Some researchers believe that the birthplace of the fern of the room Nephrolepis is Southeast Asia.

This species is considered one of the most popular and most unpretentious: caring for it is not difficult. For the prosperous cultivation of fern Nephrolepis does not need much light: this plant is quite shade-tolerant, it can grow well under artificial lighting.

The only obstacle to its normal development is the dry air of the apartments. Therefore, a green pet needs to provide high humidity, more often spraying, and especially in winter. Watering the plant needs a moderate, after the soil will dry slightly. In this case, a prolonged absence of moisture in the earth coma causes death of the leaves.

Maidenhair

This fern is a houseplant whose photo proves its incredible beauty. It is quite common. Its leaves do not absorb moisture at all, so the drops of water flow beautifully over them. Adiantumi are represented by powerful, but low bushes. This species does not tolerate direct sunlight. He has creeping stems, erect diktostelic rhizomes, covered with narrow brown scales.

With this kind of link the most amazing name of the ferns - Venerin hair. Indeed, this incredibly beautiful plant with a light green leaf plate up to forty centimeters long, segments fifteen millimeters wide has a wedge-shaped base and a fan-shaped top. Venus of hair is a frequent visitor in city apartments and country houses. Thanks to the amazing shape and beauty of the leaves, these indoor ferns are often used in compositions in winter gardens, where they form colorful design solutions.

Asplenium - fern room

The native land of the plant - another species of this family, though not quite suitable for domestic maintenance, is the moist forests of Africa and Australia. Contain this fern in an apartment or in a house is quite difficult, because it grows to an impressive size.

Aspleniums prefer shady areas, although they can not live without light, so those who are going to buy them for their housing, this factor should take into account.

Care

The most suitable temperature regime for the favorable growth of any type of fern is 20 degrees (Celsius). At the same time, this green pet is very afraid of cold weather. And although the birthplace of the fern room is for certain is not known, he likes a cool room. Experienced plant growers know that contrary to the popular belief that it grows mainly in the shade, many species with tropical "roots" are not bad at perceiving a bright but diffuse light. The best place for a fern room in the house will be the east window. In this case, during the winter season, it is desirable to backlight for several hours a day.

Ferns that grow in indoor conditions, presumably came to us from tropical or subtropical countries. That's why they need to be protected from drafts and cold.

Watering

It should not be allowed that the earth environment in which the fern develops room, dries up. Or, on the contrary, was too waterlogged. With the onset of winter watering should be significantly limited. Virtually all types of this plant require high humidity, so you need to either constantly spray them, or next to install a mini-fountain or a container of water.

In addition, experts recommend to arrange ferns once a week, a warm shower. In spring the plant often requires a transplant. After all, the ferns of the room have a tendency to grow. When they become cramped, their roots can not develop fully, which immediately affects the leaves.

Common diseases of species

The variety of varieties of indoor ferns is striking. However, they all have the same disease. The main pests, which affect the indoor flowers of the fern, are the scabies and the spider mites. It is with them that the owners of these green pets should always be fought. To do this, you need to spray the bushes and maintain a high humidity in the room. And to finally get rid, for example, from a tick, you can buy in the store special drugs designed to combat these pests.

Sometimes the diseases of the fern of the room also occur due to inattentive care. If the leaves become pale and covered with brown spots, this means that the owner overdone with watering. Light areas on the leaves are characteristic of those plants that have been sunburned. The fall of the green mass, its withering away - a consequence of the fact that the room air is overdried, and there is a lack of moisture in the earth coma. With a shortage of nutrients, the leaves pale in the plants, and their growth slows down.

If, due to the drying of the fern room lost green, you do not need to despair: on this plant you just need to cut all the leaves. Then it must be put in a bright place and make sure that the earth is kept in a moderately wet state. And very soon new leaves will appear on the green pet.