General characteristics of Russian philosophy: specific features and stages of development

Philosophical thought in Russia is a unique phenomenon in the history of world science. Russian philosophers assimilated the knowledge accumulated by their predecessors throughout history, and adapted them to the realities of Russian life. Naturally, the general characteristic of Russian philosophy will have specific features that make it an original and unique phenomenon in the history of the development of philosophical knowledge. Let's list those phenomena and interrelations, the study of which deals with Russian philosophy. The general characteristics of the subject field of this science in Russia include several aspects.

Society

Russian philosophy studies the structure of society, changes in the course of its development, as well as the possibility of the most optimal construction of society. The main problems of the state and the possibility of building an ideal society are also studied.

Human

A person is studied from the point of view of his inner world, spirituality. Spiritual and moral development is associated, first of all, with Orthodox Christianity.

Moral

A general characteristic of Russian philosophy is impossible without describing morality as a desire to overcome the eternal confrontation between good and evil.

Man and space

A special place in the development of national philosophical thought is occupied by anthropocosmism, which regards man as an active particle of the universe, part of the cosmos as a great house, a single organism.

The main traditions of philosophical thought in Russia

A general characteristic of Russian philosophy is impossible without mentioning two main traditions that influenced the development of this direction, namely:

• Slavic philosophical and mythological tradition;
• Greco-Byzantine religious and philosophical tradition.

Periods of the formation of Russian philosophy

The following stages of development of Russian philosophy are distinguished.

• The first stage is the formation of philosophical thought in our country and covers the period from the Xth to the XII century. The origin of philosophy in Kievan Rus is connected with the development of the process of Christianization. A strong influence on the development of this science was provided by Byzantium.
• The second stage covers the period from the XIII to the XVIII century and describes the development of philosophy in Moscow Rus. This period was associated with reforms, which consisted in the revision and criticism of Christian rites and cults. In the period from the 16th to the 19th centuries, the tendencies of Westernism (the desire to inscribe Russia into European culture) and Slavophilism (emphasis on the uniqueness of Russian philosophy, the originality of Russian spirituality) were opposing in domestic philosophy.
• The third period of Russian philosophy from the end of the XIX to the beginning of the XX century is considered "Golden" in terms of a large number of original research solutions and magnificent representatives of science.
• A general characteristic of Russian philosophy would be incomplete without the last stage - 1920-1991. This is the Soviet stage, characterized by the intensity of philosophical thought. The only true theory of Marxism was declared, any ideas different from it were persecuted and rejected.

Conclusion

Thus, the Russian philosophical tradition is distinguished by its unique history, which served such an original development of scientific thought in our country.