GDP of Turkey: contribution of services, industry and agriculture. The role of tourism

Turkey's GDP makes it possible to define it as a country with an emerging market. That is how the IMF characterizes this state. Turkey is also referred to a group of newly industrialized countries. The CIA World Directory puts it in line with the twenty most developed countries. Nominal GDP of Turkey is the eighteenth in the global ranking, the seventeenth - at purchasing power parity.

The country is a leading producer of agricultural products, textiles, vehicles, building materials, household electrical appliances. It is the sixth most popular holiday destination. The share of Turkey's GDP from tourism is more than 10%. In this sector employs about 8% of the entire working-age population. In this article we will consider the structure of Turkey's GDP and the contribution of industry, agriculture and services to it. Special attention is paid to the role of the tourism sector and the problems associated with the aggravation of the conflict with Russia and the imposition of sanctions.

General information

Currency - Turkish lira.

The fiscal period is a year.

Participation in trade organizations - the Group of Twenty, OECD, the EU Customs Union, WTO, ECO, BSEC.

GDP of Turkey (2016): according to the PPP - 1.641 trillion dol. US, nominal - 721 billion.

The growth of the economy is 4%.

The GDP of Turkey per capita (2016): according to the PPP - 20,888 thousand dollars. US, nominal - 9.179.

Inflation is 6.81%.

The Gini coefficient is 40.2.

Unemployment is 9.3%.

The main industries - textile, food, automotive, tourism, mining.

Structure of Turkey's GDP

As of 2013, the service sector accounts for 63.8% of gross domestic product, industry - 27.3%, agriculture - 8.9%. The trade balance is positive ($ 36.2 billion). The main export partners are the following states: Germany, Iraq, Great Britain, Italy, France, USA. According to data for 2014, the volume of imports amounted to 240.4 billion dollars. The main import partners are such states as Russia, China, Germany, the USA, Italy, Iran. Tensions in relations with Russia have a negative impact on both countries. The GDP of Turkey and Russia is closely interrelated. However, the short-term effect will be stronger for the first country. According to experts, it can lose from 0.4 to 1.6% of GDP. For Russia, the restriction of commodity flows is fraught with another surge in inflation and rising prices. In the long term, the suspension of Turkish investments will lead to a fall in the GDP of the Russian Federation.

Services sector

The three main sectors are: transport, communications, tourism and finance. There are 102 airports in the country, 8 of them are international. They serve more than 100 million passengers a year. The total length of railways - 10,991 thousand km, highway - 426,951. The Turkish merchant fleet includes 1,199 vessels (the seventh largest in the world). The length of the pipelines is 9.814 thousand km. As of 2008, the country registered 17.5 million fixed and 65.8 million mobile phones and 24.5 million Internet users. The banking sector in Turkey is one of the strongest and most extensive in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. Over the past decade, the national currency of the state has significantly increased in its value. Twelve Turkish companies have been included in the Forbes Global 2000 list. Five of them belong to the banking sector, two to the communications sector, and one to the transport sector.

GDP of Turkey from tourism

Recreational sector is one of the most dynamically developing, 11 out of 100 best hotels are located in this country. In 2005, Turkey was visited by 24 billion tourists, each of which brought an average of 679 dollars to the treasury. Over time, the flow of tourists only increased. In 2015, the share of tourism in Turkey's GDP has declined due to the Russian economic crisis and political tension after a military bomber of the Russian Federation was shot down over its territory. It was also affected by the increase in the number of terrorist attacks. According to experts, Turkey's losses in 2015 amounted to $ 5 billion. However, Istanbul remains one of the most visited cities in the world. The share of tourism in Turkey's GDP is about 10%.

Industry

The Turkish company Vestel is the largest manufacturer of TVs in Europe. Do not lag behind it and Beco. These two companies supply more than half of the TVs in the European market. An important sector is the textile industry. More than three-quarters of its products are exported to the European market. Turkey is the world's twelfth car manufacturer. Most of the enterprises are based in the Marmara region. Turkey is one of the largest producers of trains, including high-speed trains, locomotives, wagons and ships. Other important sectors are defense and mining.

Agriculture

Turkey is the largest producer of hazelnuts, cherries, figs, apricots, quinces and pomegranates, the second largest - watermelons, cucumbers and nuts, the third - tomatoes, eggplants, green peppers, lentils, pistachios, the fourth - onions and olives, the fifth - sugar beet, The sixth - tobacco, tea and apples, the seventh - cotton and barley, the eighth - almonds, the ninth - wheat, rye and grapefruit, the tenth - lemons.

The state fully provides itself with agricultural products since 1980. In this sector employs more than a quarter of the able-bodied population. The branches of livestock production in the first years after gaining independence showed an increase in productivity, but in the last decade stagnation has been observed in them. However, the production of meat, wool and eggs is one third of the income from agriculture. Fishing is also an important sector of the Turkish economy.