Formation of pepper in the greenhouse and open ground

Bulgarian pepper is a delicious and healthy vegetable, grown on almost every household plot. His high yield is the cherished dream of every trucker. To achieve this goal, vegetable growers use a variety of methods, which include not only the use of all kinds of fertilizing, but also the use of special methods of cultivation. One such effective technology is the formation of pepper at certain stages of its growth.

The need to form bushes

This method has both fans and opponents. The latter are also right, only partially. The fact is that the formation of a pepper bush is not required if it is a short or medium-sized variety. Plants in the height of 0.5-1 meters can more or less independently cope with growth problems and even give a good harvest. However, tall varieties, stretching up to 2 meters in height, need help. This help consists in timely pinching, pruning and removing unnecessary shoots.

Especially actual is the formation of pepper in the greenhouse, as in an artificial climate tall varieties reach maximum sizes. In greenhouse conditions they need constant care, and, of course, the bushes must be tied up.
The formation of pepper in a greenhouse made of polycarbonate, glass or film promotes better growth and strengthening of plant branches. Competent correction of the bush provides him with the necessary access to light, good ventilation and sufficient nutrition to future fruits. Proper care and the formation of pepper have a positive effect not only on the pace of its maturation, but also on the quantity, size and beauty of the fruit.

Anatomy of Bulgarian pepper

The main goal of the formation of this vegetable culture is the rational creation of a powerful and compact bush with healthy and strong shoots. It does not matter where the pepper is formed - in the open field or in the greenhouse, this procedure is carried out in several stages. In order not to harm the plant, one must first of all know its "anatomy". So, the "construction" of the pepper bush includes:

• Root stem.
• Main shoots.
• Secondary shoots.
• Main branches.

The correct formation of pepper allows you to get from each branch up to 20 fruits.

Trimming Features

When carrying out procedures for cutting green leaf mass, a strict balance must be observed. Too much pruning of the bush will result in the plant losing the ability to synthesize the necessary amount of energy required for the ripening of large fruits in large quantities. Thus, the formation of sweet peppers should be done competently and rationally.

Tools for cutting

Pruning of Bulgarian pepper is performed using a special garden tool: a knife, a pruner and scissors with a rounded shape of the ends. All tools must be necessarily well sharpened and clean. The presence of chipping and rust on the cutting surfaces is unacceptable, as this can lead to infection of the plant with various diseases.

After pruning the first shoots, the bush should be tied to a garden support or trellis to prevent the risk of possible damage and breakage with further care or due to wind (if the pepper grows in the open ground).

Ways to form a bush

The formation of pepper seedlings begins after reaching a stem height of 20-25 cm. In this phase, the bush begins to branch and forms a crown bud. The main shoot should contain up to ten leaves and up to four side shoots of the first order, from which the first skeletal branches of the pile bush should be selected.

The formation of pepper of tall varieties is performed according to one of three schemes: in two, three or four stems. The pruning scheme is selected taking into account the plant variety, the planting scheme, the conditions and the terms of growing. If the pepper is formed correctly, the result should be a bush with a powerful main trunk on which several strong skeletal branches are located.

Step-by-step formation of the bush

The most popular and effective technique for the formation of pepper bush is a 2-stem scheme. The process is carried out in several basic techniques and is divided into four stages.

I stage. Removing the crown flower bud

The development of pepper starts from one stem. When it grows to a height of 15-20 cm, its branching begins. In this place a flower bud is formed. To improve the branching of the bush, the bud should be removed. In the case of the formation of several buds, they are removed all.

In the process of self-cultivation of seedlings, it is necessary to monitor the appearance of buds and immediately remove them.

Leave the crown bud only in the only case - when they plan to grow on the bush one huge pepper on the seeds. But in this case, all other fruits will have a very unattractive appearance.

II stage. Removal of unnecessary shoots

When a number of shoots are formed at the branch site, the pair of the strongest ones are selected from them. They will be the skeletal branches of the bush. Pinching on the remaining branches. The pruning point and the crown are cut.
At this stage, the plant already acquires several dozen leaves. When thinning a bush on each branch, one sheet is left, which can provide nutrition to the fruit's ovary.

After a while on each branch, forks with a bud form. Of the newly emerged shoots should be left the strongest, and the rest of the pinch from the first sheet.

This procedure is performed each time the hive branches. Buds that appear in the fork are left, and in internodes - removed.

Stage III. Removal of lower leaves and infertile shoots

At the stage of vegetation, pitted shoots can form on pile bushes. They are formed on the main stem below the site of the first branch. Such shoots must be completely removed. In addition, all leaves that are not responsible for the fetal nutrition are cut off. Sheets can be cut on any part of the bush. To form pepper was sparing, at a time, no more than two leaves should be removed.

IV stage. Pinching the main branches

This process is carried out after the formation on the bush of a sufficient number of fruits (about 20 pieces). At this stage it is necessary to pinch all growth points located on the main shoots. This procedure helps to slow down the growth of green mass and prevent the emergence of new ovaries to direct the forces of the plant to ripening the fruit. It is carried out for 1-1,5 months before the technical maturing of fruits and mass harvesting.

Helpful Tips

• The main principle that should be observed when building a pepper bush is the timeliness of the procedures. Superfluous shoots must be removed at the initial stage of their development, so that they do not take away the forces from the plant.
• Another important point is the phased implementation of work. At one time it is impossible to form a pile correctly. With the simultaneous removal of a large number of shoots, the plant simply perishes.
• If the Bulgarian pepper is grown in the open ground, you should choose dry and windless days for pruning and pinching. Such conditions contribute to the rapid healing of slices and, thus, the plant easily tolerates forced trauma. If the procedures for forming a bush are carried out after rain, watering or spraying, the risk of getting pepper for various diseases increases significantly.
• Do not be happy when high and beautiful shoots appear on the bushes, but without flowers and ovaries. This useless green mass only takes away the forces and necessary nutrients from the plant. Such shoots are called fatty, and they must be removed as soon as possible.
• To ensure that all fruits develop the same way and do not appear small and deformed peppers, it is recommended to leave no more than 20 pieces on one bush.
• To prevent damage to the bush under the weight of the fruit, its branches must be fixed to the trellis or supports. With the garter, they can be turned gently to move flowers and ovaries to a more lit place.
• For the manufacture of trellises and supports, as well as for the garter itself, it is strictly recommended not to use wire or metal structures. In the process of exploitation, these materials will be oxidized or covered with rust, which will affect both greens and fruits that are in direct contact with the metal elements.
• It should be remembered that any operations for the formation of paprika can be carried out only on healthy land. If there are pathogenic organisms in the soil that are traumatized as a result of the pruning of the plant, they will inevitably become infected and quickly die.
• After pruning one bush, it is recommended to disinfect the garden tool, and only then start to process the next one. This simple rule will help to prevent infection of healthy bushes.
• All cuttings and leaflets must be collected and disposed of outside the bed. Such a measure is necessary to prevent the invasion of harmful insects, which attract the smell of plant juice.
• When cultivating Bulgarian pepper, it should be possible to minimize the impact of various stresses on it. This also applies to pruning. Formation of bushes must be done in a timely manner and necessarily in "correct" weather conditions.
• Any traumatic surgeries can be performed only on healthy plants and by all means a clean and sharp instrument. Affected by any disease bush probably will not be able to cope with injuries and die.
• Bulgarian pepper is a very light-loving plant. That adequate lighting is the most important source of health and vitality of this plant.

Consequently, the most important task of the vegetable grower is to ensure the access of light in the necessary volume, so that neighboring bushes and their shoots do not "fight" with each other for the light. If there is a lack of lighting for the harvest, you can not wait, even if there were flowers on the bush. Therefore, it is so important to remove from the lower part of the plant all unnecessary - leaves, flowers and ovaries.

Conclusion

Formation of a pepper bush in a greenhouse - the work is rather scrupulous and time-consuming, but the result is worth it. Well-groomed plants give several crops per season.
Many gardeners consider the Bulgarian pepper to be a rather whimsical culture, requiring great efforts for cultivation. However, if you comply with all agrotechnical rules and implement the necessary recommendations, then a good harvest of large and juicy fruits is guaranteed.