Focal tuberculosis

Focal pulmonary tuberculosis differs localized changes in their tissue and a certain limited severity of the lesion. In other words, the sources of the disease are located in any one segment and are very rarely able to spread over a large area.

Focal tuberculosis is one of the most common forms of this disease.

Its primary development is noted, on average, in sixty percent of all cases of the onset of the disease.

Experts classify fibrous and soft focal tuberculosis.

The first type is characterized by a phase of tissue scarring, the second - the stage of infiltration.

Fibrous focal tuberculosis is formed, as a rule, as a result of incomplete compaction or resorption of a soft, hematogenous-disseminated or infiltrative form of the disease. In rare cases, its occurrence is associated with the process of cicatrization.

Mild focal tuberculosis refers to the initial stage of the disease of a limited infiltrative flow.

These forms of the disease differ from each other pathogenesis. Their common feature is the limited area of the lesion. Tissue changes are presented in the form of single foci. Their diameter, as a rule, is not more than a centimeter. Foci of the disease are most often found in the upper pulmonary areas. In most cases, this form of the disease is one-sided. However, bilateral injuries were also observed in practice.

The soft focal form is characterized by a less pronounced symptom of toxin poisoning than the infiltrative stage. In addition, in the first case, the course of the disease, if decay did not start, is not accompanied by any extraneous sounds from the chest. X-ray examination reveals one or more foci of small size inside the lungs. In case of a favorable outcome soft areas of lesion gradually cicatrize or resolve. Active progression of the disease can lead to the development of a cavernous or infiltrative form.

Fibrous stage, as a rule, proceeds favorably. However, during the period of illness, subfebrile condition, emaciation and other unexpressed signs of poisoning with toxins are noted. A distinctive feature of persons suffering from fibrous form is the "wrinkling" of the top of the lungs, due to which the supraclavicular and subclavian fossa are clearly visible. In the course of the examination, there can be clearly marked wet wheezing that occurs with excessively hard breathing.

One of the consequences of focal forms of tuberculosis is perifocal pleurisy. In this state there is noise from the friction of the pleura.

Sputum and rales are caused by bronchial deformities and bronchiectasis. These violations are confirmed in a special study. Such symptoms are usually accompanied by a fibrous form. In addition, its characteristic manifestation is hemoptysis.

With the development of subfebrile state against the background of fibro-focal form, the occurrence of wheezing and sputum excretion, the patients are referred to the third group in the dispensary record. Strongly expressed respiratory disorders can cause disability of patients. Regular exacerbations of the disease involve the necessary treatment. In the absence of active signs of tuberculosis, the patient is considered cured of the disease. He should undergo regular rehabilitation, as well as follow the measures and disease prevention regimen.

Tuberculosis is considered a complex and very dangerous disease. However, it is treatable. A favorable outcome is guaranteed only if symptoms are observed in time. It should be noted that parents should pay special attention to the health of babies in order to identify the signs of tuberculosis in children in time.

The main manifestations of the disease in the child include weakness, irritability, lack of weight gain. This may increase the temperature and increase the lymph nodes.