Ecological project in the kindergarten. Drawings and crafts on an ecological theme

In the conditions of modern reality, the form of educational activity, called project training, is one of the most advanced and effectively proven in the child development and upbringing. This type of training is based on the implementation of a certain sequence of educational projects that are complex in nature, between which there are pauses to better assimilate and consolidate the acquired knowledge. The founder of the idea of learning with the help of projects was John Dewey - an American scientist.

What is this form?

The main task of the educational process, he put a direct study of the surrounding conditions of the child. Accompanied by the pedagogue, the students go on a long, fruitful journey, traveling from one project to another. Each of them is a complex of gradually becoming more complicated practical tasks, to be developed and implemented by children.

The method is based on the person's distinctive ability to search activity. Each of the projects must be fun, to be aware of children as an interesting and useful activity, to arouse enthusiasm. Solving the tasks, children are trained in such necessary skills as setting goals, choosing the tools needed to achieve it, assessing the consequences. They learn to reflect and begin to feel responsible for the decisions that are made, which stimulates mental development. Knowledge and experience of the child constantly grow, skills are improved, initiative, curiosity and many other necessary features develop.

Highlights

The basis of the theory of learning with the help of projects lay several basic postulates, namely:

1. The center of all pedagogical activity is the personality of the pupil.

2. The logic of the project activity should bear the meaning, understandable to the child, without which the motivation for knowledge will be reduced.

3. Each of the students works on the project at an individual pace according to their own level of development.

4. It is necessary to stimulate the use of the acquired knowledge in various situations, which contributes to their deep and conscious absorption.

What are they like?

Projects can differ - in the predominant activity, be research, creative, practice-oriented or playful (in the plot-role form), in terms of the nature of the scope of the subject-content area, one can single out monoprojects (implemented within the framework of a certain theoretical section) or interdisciplinary ones, encompassing a complex of different Areas.

There are also projects on the nature of mass participation. For example, ecological classes with children can be held both among pupils of one group, and at once several, and also can include the entire composition of a pre-school institution or even a whole district. The number of participants may also be different.

There are projects that are individual, as well as pairs, for a small group or collective. Depending on the duration of the event, they are divided into short-term (the time of which fits in one or several classes and takes a total of one or two weeks), medium-term (up to a month) and long-term (duration from one month to six months and even more).

What you need to consider

When implementing the technology of this type of training, it is necessary to adhere to the fulfillment of certain requirements.

1. The task which is put before children, should be to them significant in terms of creativity and research interest.

2. The results obtained are obliged to bear both cognitive and practical value.

3. Orientation to independent activity of pupils should prevail.

4. The substantive part must be clearly structured.

5. It is necessary to introduce different types and methods of research - from observations and experiments to brainstorming.

Of course, we should always remember the age of the pupils. According to this criterion, preschool activities exist at three different levels.

Ecological project in the junior group of the kindergarten

For children from 3.5 to 5 years old, it can be called imitative performance. Children at this age do not have life experience, the level of development of intelligence and creative abilities of them is still rather low. Therefore, the environmental project in the younger group of the kindergarten relies mainly only on the actions of the teacher - informed decisions for the kids are not yet possible.

The pupil, expressing his needs and showing interest in a certain sphere of life, can only become a "customer" of a particular project. Carrying it out, the children try to fulfill the teacher's tasks at the level of imitation. Together with the teacher, the kids try to analyze the results.

Even the most modest attempts at independent action should be encouraged, to praise children for their initiatives and to note all the positive aspects in their development.

When older children

Another matter is the ecological project in the middle group of the kindergarten. At the age of five or more years, the presence of certain experience of social life is inherent in children. Preschoolers at this age know what peer-to-peer communication and joint activity are, they have rudiments of arbitrariness of actions, self-control and the ability to evaluate themselves and others. The level of adequacy in interaction with peers is already high enough.

Children are able to understand the problem, clarify and formulate the goal and choose the means necessary for its achievement. The help of an adult is required in a much smaller amount. The ecological project in the middle group of the kindergarten can be called the developing one.

Further - even more interesting

By the end of the sixth year of life, and also on the seventh, the personality of the child is being formed at an accelerated pace, and the ecological project in the kindergarten is becoming more complicated. The senior group of preschool children is characterized by high rates of growth, both intellectual and personal. The adult's task is to support creative activity and create an environment that stimulates independent creativity, movement towards the chosen goal and implementation of those practical actions required by the environmental project in the kindergarten. The senior group of pupils is able to develop and implement a truly creative event.

Where to begin?

Each environmental project in the kindergarten is carried out in accordance with the required sequence. What stages can it consist of? First of all, this is the choice of its theme and type, as well as the number and composition of the participants. Then you should identify the problem and set a specific goal. Next is the process of planning the steps that will lead to it, as well as the choice of working methods for the project with the distribution of functions among the participants.

After that, each of those who are involved in it, independently works, solving the task assigned to him. In the intervals, the data obtained are checked and discussed, after which each of the participants has to protect their own individually obtained result. It ends with a collective discussion with the necessary conclusions.

Who should formulate the topic and the problem? This is either the teacher's task, taking into account the interests of the children, or the own initiative of the pupils, and the leading questions are possible from the adult side.

It should be noted that the technology of project training with all its great advantages is not easy and generally available. This form of work requires considerable time, as well as the teacher's creativity, great patience and respect for each of the children. Educators of preschool institutions should not be forced to organize work with children in this form - the decision is taken solely by the teacher himself.

Ecological project in kindergarten: preparatory group

Let us now turn from theory to practice. As an example, consider the project of environmental content on the topic "We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage". It is aimed at children of about 6-7 years old and involves a number of participants from 10 people.

Making up the event, the educator starts the so-called passport of the project, in which all its main characteristics will be listed. Let's clarify the parameters of our project: in its type it refers to information and research, its content implies the disclosure of the theme "Children and nature protection", the participants making up our ecological project in the kindergarten - the preparatory group of pupils, teachers and parents.

This is a collective project, in duration it refers to short-term ones. The main problem raised is the concept of environmental protection and attempts to focus on "junk" issues. Projects "Take care of native nature" in the DOW are quite popular due to the relevance of the topic and accessibility for children's understanding.

Main concept

The idea put forward by the teacher, sounds like this: if the rubbish that we throw out every day, sorting, then each individual pile can be processed so that nature is not harmed. And maybe from the waste crafts on an ecological theme will turn out?

In the theoretical part of the project it is important to justify the urgency of the problem being raised. In this case, we are talking about the ability of a child of this age to consciously analyze his own actions and move to a new level of emotional and value relationships. Personality is formed not only intellectually, but also in the moral. The child is already able to realize most of the environmental problems facing the world. The task of specialists is precisely at this time to find the necessary means of ecological education. The training course "The World around" in the DOW will be a great help for the teacher.

Observing the reality

Children in the kindergarten go out for a walk every day, where they have to take part in the cleaning of the territory and observe a considerable amount of garbage each time. It is necessary in time to encourage pupils to ask themselves simple questions - where does garbage come from, where do they take it, what happens to it further.

The main meaning of such an event on an environmental theme is the formation of an environmental culture and orientation to a position of respect for the environment. The practical tasks of the project can be described as the receipt by children of ideas about the varieties and properties of domestic waste, their dangers to human and animal health.

The ecological theme in the kindergarten is very relevant today. Children should learn what are the main sources of water and air pollution, as well as other natural resources, what the consequences of human activities can be, and what should be done to prevent them. Together with the teacher, they should try to find ways to reuse individual types of waste material.

Teacher's work

The ecological project in the kindergarten consists of separate stages. The first of them is preparatory. The task is to analyze the situation and determine the main goals. At this stage, the educator should familiarize himself with the literary sources and experience of colleagues, and also decide on the theoretical concept of the event. Then he develops a long-term plan for the proposed activity, according to which he formalizes and systematizes selected didactic materials.

The second stage can be called organizational. It should set the environmental focus of the group's activities with the involvement of parents in the future work. One of the blocks involves children's actions to recognize the properties of most of the surrounding objects and materials - plastic, glass, paper, metal, rubber and so on.

It is necessary to hold talks on the topic of pollution of nature by household waste. In the course of work, unobtrusively, the skills of competent ecological behavior of children are formed. The educator creates the necessary presentation on the topic, advises parents and produces a homemade newspaper for them.

The third stage is practical. Its task is to form the simplest ecological knowledge by introducing certain forms. Working at this stage, parents can distribute questionnaires in order to ascertain the level of their competence in this issue, as well as the extent to which the topic is relevant in a particular family.

To help the teacher

What questions should the questionnaire for parents include? An approximate list of them can be as follows:

1. What kind of waste does your family most often throw during the week?

2. Do you have to sort the garbage?

3. What do you do with the waste - burn, send to the garbage can, etc.?

4. Do you have a habit of making hand-made articles on environmental issues with children from the waste material, as well as decorating the yard?

5. Do you have any idea of the dangers of household waste?

6. Are there any conversations with your children about the harm of household rubbish in your family?

7. What do you do with waste while walking in the yard or in the park?

8. Do you read books for children? Can you quickly invent and draw a picture on an environmental theme?

9. Do you participate in the cleaning of the territory of your yard and do you add children to it?

10. Do your children have a habit of always getting rid of debris after any activity?

11. Are you satisfied with the level of waste management in your area?

12. What suggestions could you make to the city services on this topic?

Organize monitoring of the disposal of household waste at home and in kindergarten. How do we accumulate rubbish, where does it go, how do we export it, where exactly are the urns and garbage cans located? How often do parents get rid of waste?

Practical classes with children

Children should be acquainted with the types and properties of different materials that surround them in everyday life, for example, consider paper of a very different purpose - cardboard, wrapping, newspaper, corrugated. Let the kids pay attention to the differences in its qualities and properties - because the paper can be transparent or not, thin or thick, rough or glossy, can tear, crumble, get wet or burn.

Similarly, children should be given the opportunity to explore all the available items of plastic, wood and glass, incidentally paying attention to the physical characteristics and consumer properties of these materials. They should be able to tell about each subject with a list of its most important qualities.

The ecological project in the kindergarten provides for the organization of a creative workshop, where samples of abandoned material will be collected. Children should be shown what beautiful and original crafts can be made by themselves. Work is also provided for slideshows and presentations, as well as reading cognitive literature, an environmental newspaper, a laboratory for experiments and experiments.

All - on nature!

The same stage can include practical observations, walks and ecological excursions to the streets and parks nearest to the children's institution. During walks, children should be given the opportunity to sort out the garbage neatly and draw their attention to how the unsettled waste can be carried by the wind.

An excursion of ecological orientation can be conducted in the nearest park or on the edge of the forest. Check if there is garbage there, and where it is most. If children find a littered meadow left by negligent vacationers, pay attention to how ugly it looks, and how unpleasant it is for people to visit such places.

If there is a spring or a small body of water in the vicinity of the preschool, it is worthwhile to organize an excursion to it and, at the same time, explain what people should do to prevent water pollution.

In the forest and near the pond

It is necessary to acquaint children with environmental signs, explain their meaning and purpose. Kids can collectively take care of the poster "Take care of nature".

Having studied the basic of nature protection signs, on a separate lesson, babies can be engaged in their manufacture. Having made several similar tablets, they should be taken for a walk or an ecological excursion and placed near a pond, in the forest, etc.

In the kindergarten, a sorting rule for rubbish should be introduced - broken plastic parts of toys are collected in one basket, in the other - scraps of paper after training sessions. The contents of the second container should be buried with the children in the compost pit.

We hide the "treasure"

An experiment called "Bury the garbage in the ground" is designed for a long time. In a secluded corner of the territory, we dig in the earth a certain amount of waste from paper, rubber, plastic, metal, as well as potato peelings, orange skins, small twigs and leaves. The place is marked with special plates.

From time to time, children should be interested in the contents of the "burial", to check what effect climatic factors - sun, rain - have on the buried debris. Observations should be briefly recorded in a special diary.

At the end of the experiment, children should draw conclusions: what kind of garbage can decompose, and which are not. And how to deal with solid debris so as not to harm nature.

A separate day can be devoted to the theme of ecology with the organization of a thematic exhibition, didactic and moving games. The exhibition may contain samples of products of secondary processing. If most of the exhibits are created by the hands of the toddlers, this practical lesson can provide invaluable benefits and cause the interest of all the little creators. Its contribution - a drawing on an environmental theme - is able to bring even the youngest participant.

What's the end?

At the final, fourth stage, the results should be summarized, and the experience gained is summarized. This can be done in the form of a round table. The ecological project in the kindergarten implies the results that are the active participation of children together with their parents in carrying out environmental activities, expanding the knowledge of pupils and family members about nature protection, the ecology of the home city and the region, landscaping together with pupils for walking with decorating it with "garbage "Objects, for example - hand-made articles made of plastic bottles, etc. Visual practical results are recorded in the form of photo albums and wall newspapers created during the project.

The newspaper can contain photographs of littered corners of nature, episodes of unsanitary conditions in individual yards and the like. Everything is published in a self-made wall newspaper or made in the form of a presentation under the motto: "This should not be!"

One of the most interesting events can be an environmental quiz on the environment. To conduct it should be closer to the completion of the project. In the answers to questions children will be able to use all the knowledge gained.