Device for saving energy. How much does the electricity cost? Energy Saving Technologies

It is generally accepted that electricity in Russia is inexpensive. And so for a long time neither business nor individuals paid special attention to saving energy. The grounds, objectively speaking, were for this purpose - in our country there is almost the best system of energy supply in the world, there is a large number of power stations, a developed network of control over the distribution of energy. All this makes it possible to generate electricity cheaper than in many developed countries.

But inflation on the spot is not worth it - and now the tariffs are rather big. Theses on the need to increase energy efficiency are discussed at the governmental level. It is necessary to save electricity both for citizens and for business. The question is, how best to do this, what kind of device to save electricity put at home or in the factory.

First, let's talk about what are the options for saving electricity in homes and apartments. And then we turn to energy efficiency in the corporate sphere.

So, for the owner of the apartment, which has a primary task - saving electricity, the scheme is this.

Change the light bulb

One of the most effective and affordable ways to save electricity at home is to replace incandescent bulbs with more modern ones (LED, luminescent or halogen). On average, the economy comes to 5-6 times. Some types of modern lamps have a longer service life than traditional products (up to 10 times).

Looking at the energy efficiency class

Buying new household appliances (especially those types that have very high energy consumption - washing machines, for example) you need to look at what specific models have energy efficiency measures (class). If you take the same "stiralki" - then the device class A ++ about 20 percent more energy efficient than those that belong to the A-class.

We use the refrigerator with the mind

In many apartments the most consuming kind of household appliances is a refrigerator. One of the most costly in terms of energy consumption procedures is the process of freezing and defrosting. If the No Frost option is installed in the refrigerator, then there is no need for this, and therefore such a device will by default be more energy efficient than normal. Refrigerator No Frost - in itself an excellent device to save electricity.

The refrigerator should be located away from appliances, from which the heat comes (in particular, from the heating batteries). It is undesirable to furnish the refrigerator with kitchen cabinets and create a narrow space where the air circulates with difficulty. It is not recommended to put unheated food in it.

The lid saves kilowatts

Interesting fact. When the water is boiled on the electric stove without the lid - a lot of heat is lost, which causes the device to get this leakage due to electricity. From here one more effective variant of economy of an electricity - to boil water on a plate, having closed a saucepan the cover.

Overload or Underload - Losses

Now about washing machines. The level of the greatest energy efficiency in these devices is achieved with the optimum load of laundry (according to technical documentation). If the machine can hold 5 kg, then that's how much you need to load with each wash. If the laundry objectively does not require soaking, do not use it. If the clothes are not dirty - you can do with low-temperature modes (30-35 degrees).

Lighting the room effectively

If possible, in rooms and other residential premises, you should use local lighting fixtures - sconces, floor lamps. It is best to provide each corner of the room with a separate lamp - for evening reading, for ironing. Include a chandelier makes sense only if guests come or clean up. But almost always the general lighting can be replaced by economical LED tapes, located along the perimeter of walls or ceiling. They, in addition, will make the room more stylish.

Teapot - on the cup

The most economical mode of working with an electric kettle is boiling water only in the right amount. Fill the vessel's capacity completely and boil it so expediently if the whole family sits at the table or guests come. It is also worth noting - an electric kettle boils water with greater energy efficiency than a stove.

Economical iron

The ironing process is best divided into three stages. On the first (right after turning on the iron) - iron things that do not need high temperature (for example, handkerchiefs, wool products). On the second (as soon as the iron heats up - usually then the lamp goes out on it) - only those that are ironed out with a hot iron (shirts, trousers). At the third stage, you should turn off the iron from the outlet and iron up those things that are close in characteristics to socks and wool.

Energy Time Management

In many cities of Russia there are so-called night tariffs for electricity (they are usually 30-40% cheaper than daytime tariffs). It makes sense to use this and include, for example, a washing machine, a multivark (and if possible other devices) to save electricity only in those hours when these tariffs are active. Some kinds of devices are perfectly adapted for this. For example, almost all modern machines and plates are equipped with a delayed start mode - the exact start time for washing or cooking can be programmed.

Saving - as on the screen

TV and computer operating in the mode of incomplete illumination of the display consume much less energy than when the brightness is fully active. The savings amount to at least 5%. Therefore, if possible, you need to use this mode. Regarding computers: "sleeping" and "waiting" modes are invented not in vain. During them, the electricity consumption of the appliance is reduced to the minimum values.

Miniature Spreader

Surprisingly, one of the most energy-consuming devices in modern Russian apartments is the charger for the phone (smartphone, tablet). And this despite the small power (about 5-10 watts). The thing is that the owners consistently forget these devices in outlets. So these modest 5-10 watts quite imperceptibly by the end of the month "wind" the amount of energy comparable to that consumed by chandeliers. It is necessary to unplug the charger to save electricity.

We clean with a vacuum cleaner - we clean and a vacuum cleaner

A vacuum cleaner with a clean, sealed dust collector works approximately 40% more efficiently in terms of energy costs than one whose tank is thoroughly clogged or has cracks. 40% of 1500-2000 watts (as many vacuum cleaners consume on average) - this is comparable to how many "wind up" all the lamps installed in the apartment.

The size of the pot matters

If you put dishes on an electric stove, the diameter of the bottom of which strictly coincides with the size of the burners, this will increase the energy efficiency of the cooking process by 5-10% compared to the regime when the pan and frying pan are placed at random. It is also important that the bottom of the dishes is flat. Another tip: once the water boils, immediately switch to an energy-saving mode with a lower temperature (above 100 degrees, heating can not go - the water will only evaporate and energy will be wasted).

Home energy saving: advanced technology

Owners of modern Russian apartments can use various devices that allow saving electricity. Very popular, in particular, dimmers (also called dimmers).

These devices are installed instead of switches. With their help, you can smoothly adjust the brightness level of light (the devices regulate the voltage supplied from the mains). If, let's say, 100-watt lamps are installed in the room, then the dimmer allows them to "turn" them into 30-watt ones. Or, say, 80-watt. Dimmer - a device to save electricity, reviews of which characterize this invention as very technological.

The whole truth about LEDs

LED - an electrical element that allows the generation of light streams, using much less current energy than a conventional incandescent lamp. LED light is an appliance for saving energy, reviews of which, as it is right, extremely positive.

The main question that interests the Russian consumer is whether there is real savings when installing LED-based lighting fixtures. How much it is palpable? Experts, in order not to be unfounded, most often justify the advantages of LEDs so.

The flux of light is measured in special units - lumens. A conventional incandescent lamp emits about 14 lumens per 1 watt of electrical energy that it consumes. The fluorescent energy-saving lamp is approximately 61 lumens. LED - about 100. So it is purely technologically this device bypasses its traditional "competitors".

Let's try to work with numbers. Let's take a mid-market fluorescent lamp, in which 5 energy-saving lamps are installed. In a year it consumes about 330 kilowatts (if included for 12 hours daily). Let's say that a kilowatt costs 5 rubles (to say exactly, how much is the electric power in Russia on average, difficult, very large tariff regionalization). Then the owner of the apartment will pay 1,650 rubles. And now we will make calculations for LED fixtures. At an efficiency equal to the ratio of lumens per kilowatt (61 to 100), the savings will be almost 1000 rubles. And this is only for one lamp, which can be several to the apartment.

This is how the LED scheme looks.

Energy efficiency of LEDs is explained by technology: while conventional incandescent lamps convert a significant percentage of electricity into heat (which makes the bulbs hot), the LED almost completely converts electricity to light.

If we use LED lamps, saving electricity is not the only plus of these devices. Among other advantages of LEDs is a long service life (approximately 50 times more than incandescent lamps). In these types of lighting devices, there are practically no harmful substances (while many energy-saving lamps have mercury). LEDs are perfectly adjustable to light (using the same dimmers). Many types of fluorescent lamps operate in the mode of smooth change of the current supply level can not. LEDs practically do not flicker, do not blink or fail during operation. All these effects are inherent in fluorescent lamps. LEDs come out at full power of light radiation almost instantly. Fluorescent lamps, as a rule, spend for this a few seconds. And if the room has a low temperature - then sometimes even minutes.

LEDs emit light that is more closely approximated to the solar spectrum than fluorescent lamps. This is noticeable even with the naked eye. It is enough to see how things look in the room when illuminated by different types of instruments. The LEDs have a much higher so-called light transmission index (or CRI).

For many apartment owners, it is important how "color" the room space is colored when the artificial light source is switched on - warm, neutral or cold. In the case of fluorescent lamps, you can choose a device that can shine in the first or second mode. Lamps with warm (yellow) tones have a color temperature of 2700 Kelvin. With a neutral (white color) - 5000, with a cold (blue tint) - 6500. Exactly the same possibility gives and LEDs. In this respect, they are a full-fledged replacement for energy-saving lamps. Moreover, these devices alone can generate many colors.

LEDs do not burn out, unlike other types of lamps. Over the years they can only lose some consumer properties, but very smoothly and almost imperceptibly for the owner of the apartment.

The main counterargument of opponents of using LEDs is the high price of such devices. To some extent this is so. LEDs are more expensive than incandescent lamps and their energy-saving counterparts. But the difference is not the same now as it was several years ago, when the LEDs only entered the market - since then they have managed to significantly fall in price. Consider a simple example, which can then be shown to skeptics.

A typical incandescent lamp (60-watt) costs about 30 rubles.

Energy-saving luminescent (giving the same luminous flux, consuming about 12 watts) - 150 rubles.

LED (generating the same intensity of light, consuming 5 watts) - 500 rubles.

How much does the electricity cost in our example? Let us take the case when the price of a kilowatt is 3 rubles (approximately so much in Moscow). Lighting devices in Russian houses (chandeliers, floor lamps) are used about 8-10 hours a day. In a year, thus, the lamps will burn 2920-3650 hours.

If the lamps are equipped with incandescent lamps, they will consume (multiply the annual number of hours per watt) 175-219 kilowatts. Luminescent - 35-44 kW. LED - 14-19 kilowatts.

Multiply by rubles.

The bill for light when using an incandescent lamp - 525-657 rubles.

Using a fluorescent lamp, the owner will pay 105-132 rubles.

With LED - 44-57 rubles.

In comparison with an incandescent lamp, the LED pays for itself in the first year. Skeptics will say: "What about the luminescent product?" Economy is nothing. On the one hand, this is so - at 60 rubles the difference LED will pay itself in 8 years. But look at the expiration dates: the fluorescent lamp has an average of 10,000 hours (about 3 years of operation), while the LED indicator has an average of 50,000 (about 15 years). It turns out that after 10 years of work the owner will invest in the purchase of new fluorescent lamps as much as in the LED. But this is without taking into account the net electricity savings, labor costs for lamp replacement and aesthetic advantages - above we indicated that LED light is closer to solar.

We save electricity in the factory

Having considered the options with energy saving in the apartments, we will move to the business area. Energy-saving technologies are the most important criterion for the enterprise's competitiveness and stability of the business model. Here, each ruble is in the account. What are the options for Russian companies to save electricity?

The first thing to do is to put as accurate as possible modern meters - energy-saving technologies begin at the level of calculations and budgeting of electricity costs.

Among the priority in the order of the stages of work to improve energy efficiency - the purchase of frequency converters. These devices allow you to adapt the corporate power scheme to individual types of equipment, which can increase their productivity and energy efficiency. The frequency converter is a device for saving electricity, the feedback about which reflects a great interest in the exploitation of such inventions by Russian firms.

Personnel, as you know, decide everything. It is necessary that the issue of increasing the efficiency of electricity consumption in the enterprise is handled by a responsible person (or a group of employees). Sometimes the title of such a post sounds like "Responsible for the energy economy". The main duties of such a specialist are to supply the enterprise with advanced technological solutions in the field of energy saving, maintenance of purchased devices, control over repair and preventive works, timely diagnostics of equipment. Also, the functions of this specialist may include the development of action plans for training the fundamentals of energy saving for company employees. An accountant can be sent to help the specialist, who can arrange for electricity consumption by the company, and keep energy expenditure statistics.

The employee responsible for the energy economy can also develop a special regulation, according to which the total capacity consumed by the company for a certain period (for example, a month) will be unacceptable. He can also conduct corporate measures to save energy - briefing employees, meetings. If, say, there is an excess of capacity (without the approval and approval of the management or other competent employees), then, as an option, the costs will be compensated at the expense of the premium part of the salary of the company's personnel. What formulations can be in this regulation? For example, the inadmissibility of switching on lighting equipment of such power, if there are no objective reasons for that.

By analogy with increasing the energy efficiency of apartments and residential buildings, it is possible to supply (where possible) fluorescent or LED energy-saving lamps.

What kind of apparatus to save electricity can the organization deliver? A useful option is the installation of an RCD (protective shutdown device) within the power supply system of the company. It can not be said that this is a full-fledged device for saving electricity. But it allows you to reduce possible electrical leakage in the wiring. It is also useful to install a soft starter (soft starter). As an option - simultaneously with the RCD. In turn, we can assume that SCP is a specialized device for saving electricity. It allows you to run industrial equipment, reducing the likelihood of overheating installed in it engines, set the optimal in terms of power consumption mode of operation.

Before thinking about how to buy another expensive device to save electricity in the enterprise, you need to make sure whether the resources involved are not directly related to high technology. Quite the opposite, sometimes the opportunity to save on electricity, as they say, lies on the surface. It does not matter how much the equipment costs, which is the scheme of the device to save electricity, what are the nuances of installation and operation. A simple example: the painting of walls, ceilings and floors of offices and industrial premises in light colors can significantly increase energy efficiency. This will minimize the frequency of switching on the lamps, if there is at least evening or early morning sunlight in the street and practically eliminate such a need, if the light is daylight. In the same connection, you need to keep the windows of offices and production premises clean. Experts call a figure of 5-10% - this is savings due to transparent glass. As you can see, there are no investments in expensive devices, but there is an effect.

It is possible to introduce systems that automatically control lighting devices (presence sensors, relays, etc.) in an automatic mode.

It is not necessary to save on investing in new types of electrical engineering and production equipment. It should be understood that a significant part of the world's leading brands are developing for the markets of countries with very expensive electricity. In Russia, as you know, electricity, thanks to the combined capacity of the stations and their diversification (there are nuclear, hydro, heat power plants), is cheaper than in most Western countries. It is necessary to monitor the market of modern developments in the field of energy conservation.

It should formulate a regulation, according to which the staff of office premises must use computer equipment. It can contain, for example, such instructions:

- if you need to move away from the workplace - put the computer into a "sleep" mode, turn off the monitor;
- always turn off the copier, printer and scanner, if they are not involved (because even in standby mode these types of office equipment consume energy);
- do not include without any objective need air conditioners, heaters.

Saving light is the way to profit

Having considered the main points related to how to save energy in the enterprise, we consider in detail the aspect of electricity consumption by lighting devices. According to statistics, about 10% (and in some industries - more than 30% of the costs of Russian factories and plants associated with electricity consumption, account for the payment of bills for light.

What are the methods of saving electricity in relation to lighting? Experts call several key.

First, lighting installations in factories and plants should be used rationally. It is impossible to allow that some part of the factory is illuminated by more powerful lamps than the rest of the territory.

Secondly, we must not allow the level of electrical voltage in corporate networks to be higher than the nominal (or below it). In the first case, there will be a surplus of electricity, in the second - the light flux will decrease, which can negatively affect the performance.

Third, it is undesirable that some of the nodes in the enterprise work idle. It is necessary to put switches that will be in manual or automatic mode to disconnect and include separate groups of light devices. Automation and simplification of the decision-making process when working to improve energy efficiency are very important, because, in addition to saving electricity, there are also profile production tasks.