Compare the nutrition of sponges and coelenterates: similarities and differences

Nutrition is the most important property of all living beings. This is a sign that determines the systematic position and level of organization of the kingdoms of nature. Having become acquainted with the material of the article, you will compare the nutrition of sponges and coelenterates - the first multicellular animals.

General features of the structure

These two types of animals have many similar features. Their bodies are made up of many cells. They do not yet form tissues, but are specialized. Each cell functions independently, but together they form two layers of the body: the outer and the inner. In the first there are skin-muscular and intermediate cells. In the interior, digestive and glandular predominate.

Natural filter cartridges

Compare the nutrition of sponges and coelenterates, and you will be convinced that in the implementation of this process they have many similar and distinctive features. Their habitat is water. Sponges lead an attached lifestyle. For this reason, scientists for a long time could not determine who they are: plants or animals. They were deceived by the green color of some sponges. It turned out that it is caused by algae settling in their cells.

Sponges are filters. They feed on suspended in water organic matter and small vertebrates. At the same time, the water of the sponge is passed through itself. Carrying out this process, they clean the reservoirs. Only one small sponge of leucony, whose height barely reaches 10 cm, is able to drive about 20 liters of water per day through the body.

Some species are able to interact with other organisms in a relationship, and mutually beneficial. For example, a sponge provides algae with minerals and carbon dioxide, which is necessary for photosynthesis. And she herself gets ready organic from the plants.

The first predators

According to the peculiarities of the structure, two life forms of coelenterates are distinguished. They are polyps and jellyfish. The similarity of sponges and coelenterates is that they lead an attached lifestyle. But these organisms feed in another way. In the outer layer of their body there are stinging cells, through which the coelenterates paralyze their prey. Even the smallest polyps, whose size barely reaches a few centimeters, are predators.

Kidneywave: type of food

Two types of these animals are able to absorb only ready-made organic substances. But they produce them in many ways. Compare the nutrition of sponges and coelenterates, and you will see how much the latter are more complicated. Consider the process of feeding them using the example of freshwater hydra. Its name is due to the presence of an intestinal cavity, which opens outward with a mouth opening surrounded by tentacles.

The stalking cells are formed by a capsule, inside of which is a twisted filament. When mining touches a sensitive hair, it unwinds and bites into the victim's body with force. They swallow it whole. Under the action of digestive enzymes, which produce glandular cells, the body of the victim breaks up into pieces. This is the first stage of digestion of food. Further digestive cells with the help of pseudopods capture it. This process is completed in specialized vacuoles. Undigested food remains removed through the mouth opening.

The action of stinging cells can be dangerous for a person, causing severe burns and poisoning.

Guttural, sponges: basic similarities and differences

Both these types of animals are heterotrophs. Compare the nutrition of sponges and coelenterates, and you will be sure that in the implementation of this process they have a number of similar and distinctive features. They are able to eat only ready organic substances. Unites them and the presence of the body cavity, which receives food. Undigested residues are removed through the same hole through which they enter the body. A common feature is the presence of cells with zhgutigami, which "adjust" the food particles to the point of their decay.

A distinctive feature of sponges and coelenterates - in the way food is extracted. The first filter out it from a continuous stream of water. The latter lead a predatory life, paralyzing the victim with the poison of stinging cells. Due to the fact that coelenterates are more complex, the process of digestion is much more complex and effective for them. In addition, their cells are more diverse in their specialization. For all coelenterates, both cavitary and cellular digestion are characteristic. This determines the higher intensity of the process. In addition to digestive, there are also glandular cells. They secrete enzymes, biological catalysts, which accelerate the reaction. Thus, coelenterates have, and in a simplified form, their system of digestive glands. In general, these organisms, being the first multicellular representatives of the animal kingdom, are characterized by a rather complex process of digesting food.