China In the 280's Years

In 280, in the Jin Empire, it was decreed that the entire adult population of 16 to 60 years of age, belonging to the estate of "free commoners", should receive for use land allotments: 70 mu (1 mu - about 0.16 hectares) allocated to a man And 30 mu - for a woman. In addition, the man received another 50 mu, and the woman - 20 mu of tax-free land. Adolescents 13-15 years old and elderly people 61-65 years old received their allotments in half less (women of these ages did not receive them at all). People over 65 years old had the right not to work.

The taxes collected from the workers constituted a triad: grain land tax, commercial household tax (mainly home-produced fabrics) and labor obligations-serving a certain number of days a year on state, public works (construction, irrigation works, transportation of goods, etc. .). The average tax rate was 4 hectares of grain with 50 mu of land (a hu - meter of volume, the dimensions of which changed many times, at the time being described, hu was 20.23 liters). China in the 280s ...

Officials depending on the height of their service rank (there were nine of them at the described time) received from 10 to 50 zinc of land (1 czn-100 mu), and also the right to maintain a certain number of workers from the unequal layers of the population.

The question of how far these guidelines have been implemented in practice remains, until now, controversial due to the insufficiency and inconsistency of the data in the sources. There is no doubt that, with the noted weakness of the centralized authorities, it was impossible to implement this project on a countrywide scale and to observe the specified norms in the distribution.

In particular, as far as can be judged, in the southern regions of the empire this system was almost not used. In this connection, the opinion was expressed that the state authorities did not give the peasants any land in the proper sense of the word, but merely enshrined it for them, that is, they fixed the amount of land they really possessed. Obviously, in many cases, it was so.

But at the same time, in those areas where surpluses of empty arable land were formed, the all-inclusive system could be implemented within a framework close to the established norms. In particular, it was to be most widely distributed in the area of the capital and on the lands of former military settlements. If, on the contrary, it is assumed that in the Jin Empire, the all-inclusive system was not used at all in practice, it will remain unclear, why later it was developed in theory and in practice.

China in the 280s