Cash denominations of Russia. Contemporary Bills of Russia

The Bank of Russia ticket is an official means of payment used throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. The right to issue such banknotes is available only to the Central Bank. They are reliably protected from forging special features of authenticity, with the introduction of which modern technical solutions are used.

The unit of measurement of solvency, which is owned by Russian bills, is the Russian ruble as a national currency. Each denomination has a denomination corresponding to one of the fixed. This determines the solvency of the banknote, expressed in Russian rubles.

History

Paper money appeared in Russia in 1769. They were called banknotes and represented obligations, according to which the bearer could receive a coin in the bank at the par value corresponding to the par value. The first series was very poorly protected from forging - fakes were produced on an industrial scale, which led to depreciation. The main means of payment continued to be coins: their value was much higher, as was their confidence in them.

In 1818, Russian banknotes of a new type began to be issued. These were the same banknotes, but their quality turned out to be an order of magnitude higher, like security. The paper was much more dense, watermarks appeared . A lot of specialists were involved in further improvement of banknotes.

The impact of the civil war turned out to be negative: the issue of fakes was supplemented by the mass production of "money surrogates", which was carried out by local authorities in both remote regions and captured by the White Guards. The problem was solved by the release of "chervonets", which began in 1922. New banknotes had gold and commodity security, so that their solvency could remain stable (depreciation ceased).

After the collapse of the USSR

After the collapse of the USSR, the tickets of the State Bank remained in circulation, for some time they continued to be issued by the Bank of Russia. In 1993, there was a monetary reform: the State Bank tickets were declared insolvent, they were replaced by the first series of Bank of Russia tickets. The second series of those was released a year later: the appearance of the notes underwent certain changes.

In 1995, a new series of banknotes was issued again. They looked just like modern Russian bills. The main differences between them are in nominal: for the 1995 series, it was a thousand times higher than currently used.

After 1998

The essence of the next monetary reform, carried out in 1998, was a denomination. That is - in changing the denomination of banknotes, accompanied by their gradual, but complete replacement. New bills of Russia are issued. Their appearance almost completely corresponded to the appearance of the banknotes of the 1995 model. Only the figures and relief elements, which denote the nominal, have changed.

The old denomination, which had a denomination of 1000 rubles, was exchanged only for a new coin, the denomination of which was 1 ruble. 5-ruble note, which came to replace the old five thousand, differed somewhat smaller size. Because of the strong circulation quickly lost its properties, so that its release was soon terminated. In the course remained only its metal equivalent - a 5-ruble coin.

Modifications

Despite the very high quality and security, Russian banknotes continued to require modifications. Those did not keep themselves waiting: new series of banknotes were issued. First of all, the updates concerned protection against counterfeiting: the increasing possibilities of counterfeiters led to the appearance of fictitious bills that were hardly distinguishable from genuine ones.

In addition, two completely new banknotes were gradually introduced into circulation. Their dignity is 1000 rubles and 5000 rubles, respectively. All the newest protection measures "ran" on them, then added to a new series of smaller denominations. For some time there were rumors that a banknote with a face value of 10,000 was being prepared. A banknote of Russia of this dignity was to be the result of the latest developments in the field of protecting banknotes. The new "ten thousandth" has not yet been released, but active development of the "thousandth" and "five thousandths" continues.

Signs of authenticity (protection measures)

Paper bills of Russia, used today, are protected by a significant number of special signs of authenticity. To counterfeit such banknotes is extremely difficult: special expensive equipment, materials and certain knowledge will be required. Therefore, the creation of small lots of fakes is unrewardable, and it is not possible to establish large-scale production, because it will be easy to detect. Identifying counterfeits of low quality is not a difficult task: visible signs of authenticity are given special attention, due to which ordinary citizens without special equipment can recognize them.

The very signs of authenticity are divided into several groups. Some are visible to the naked eye at a certain angle, others are detected during transmission. Some can be recognized only in visible electromagnetic radiation of a certain range.

Tangible

The authenticity of this group is recognized when touched. The first of these is the quality of the paper. A low-quality counterfeit is recognized immediately: it is completely perceived by fingers. In addition, on banknotes there are relief elements designed to determine their denomination by people with impaired vision. The inscription "TICKET OF THE BANK OF RUSSIA" on the front side also has a perceived to the touch relief.

In addition, in the manufacture of banknotes of the newest series, a wide protective strip is used that opens to the surface in certain places. These are perceived as completely smooth. On banknotes of denominations of 500, 1000 and 5000 rubles, the band exit area to the surface is much larger and is made in the form of a narrow window (the "stained glass window").

Visible

Visible signs of authenticity paid special attention. These banknotes of the Bank of Russia have a number of elements that can be detected with the naked eye. Some of them are noticeable from any angle. These include the digital denomination designation, placed in the lower left corner of the front side. It is made with a special silvery paint.

To the visible signs of authenticity is the ability of the protective band to change color, which is noticeable from almost any angle. Other visible signs of authenticity can be found by examining the bill for a lumen, or viewing it at a certain angle.

Visible to the skylight

Investigating the banknote for a gap, you can find several signs of authenticity at once or determine a counterfeit by their absence. First of all, watermarks are visible. They are located on the bright fields of the bill, to the left and right of the main image. One of them duplicates the digital denomination of the denomination, the other repeats one of the elements of the main image. The security strip is perceived as a solid opaque line.

Microperforation also applies to this group of characteristics. This is applied to all new banknotes, the denomination of which is 100 rubles and more. You can find it on the right side of the front side of the banknote. On the clearance, a figure corresponding to the nominal value and made of a number of small holes will be visible.

Visible at a certain angle

Signs of authenticity, visible at a certain angle, include moire patterns, color-shifted elements and hidden images. The moiré pattern begins to glow faintly with different colors as the angle of view changes. Color-variable paint gives a similar effect, but it is brighter and spreads directly to the entire element of the image. These methods are protected by Russian bills issued in 2004 and later.

A hidden image can be found on the ornamental strip, if you look at a banknote lying on a level surface at eye level. This is called the Kipp effect: the pattern is designed in such a way that the difference in the hue of the element is detected only at a certain angle.

Identified by hardware

The rest of the protective elements on Russian bills can only be identified by special equipment. First of all, these include protective fibers embedded in paper. They become clearly visible in ultraviolet light, like some elements of the image. There are also infrared marks, which are noticeable in the light of an infrared lamp.

In addition to the visible in a certain range, very small elements of the image are related to the detected hardware attributes: microtext and some patterns. They can be detected only with a sufficiently strong magnifying glass. Also, some areas of the surface of the banknotes are processed by a special composition having magnetic properties. By such marks, authenticity can be established with the help of appropriate equipment.