Building volume of the building. Determination of the construction volume

The building volume of the building includes the dimensions of the underground and aboveground parts of the structure. To determine the underground parameters take the indicator from the mark of the clean floor on the first floor. Next, let us consider in more detail what the building volume of a building is, how this value is considered.

General information

Many ignorant people in construction terms often confuse certain concepts. Not everyone knows what the area is - residential and general. Not everyone knows and such a concept as the building volume of the building. In some cases, a correct understanding of terms can be very useful.

Living space

In apartment buildings and dormitories it is defined as the sum of the areas of rooms for living. In this case, built-in cabinets are not taken into account. It is not allowed to arrange living rooms in dormitories and apartment buildings on basement and basement floors.

total area

This value is the sum of the areas of all premises. In this case, we mean both ancillary and living rooms, as well as locks of kitchens, built-in closets, corridors, bathrooms, bathrooms, restrooms, household pantries, showers, mezzanines. For a hostel in the calculation areas of medical offices, premises of cultural and household purpose are added. In dormitories and apartment buildings, summer outbuildings (terraces, balconies, loggias) are considered and fit into the projects separately. To the total area of the house do not include corridors, tambours, elevator halls, staircases, and also vestibules.

Effective area

Measurements are made from the individual surfaces of partitions and walls. The dimensions of the niches from 1.8 m in height are included in the parameters of the rooms where they are located. The same applies to the floor area that is under the staircase march inside the apartment (with a distance of 1.6 m to the bottom of the protruding structure). The space occupied by the protruding structural details and the heating furnace elements is not taken into account. Do not consider the area of space within the doorway.

Total area of public facilities

The values taken for each floor are taken into account. The total area includes the size of underground, basement parts, above-ground technical rooms. Parameters of technical clandestine parts with a height of less than 1.8 m below the basement, basement and first floors are also not taken into account.

Building volume of the building: the amount of the above-ground part

The calculation is performed by multiplying the area in a horizontal section along the outer bypass of the structure on the first floor above the basement to the height (full) of the building. The last value is measured from the top surface of the thermal insulation layer in the attic to a clean floor on the 1st floor. With flat roof structures, the average height of the top part of the roof is taken into account for the building volume of the building.

Underground part

How to calculate the building's building volume in the underground part of it? In this case, multiply the dimensions of the horizontal section of the outer circumference of the structure along the first floor above the socle by the measured distance from the clean floor of the 1st floor to the base level of the basement or basement. In the absence of above the walls of the basement of the above-ground part, the building volume of the building is determined taking into account the external circumference of the structure according to the level of overlap. The measurements are carried out taking into account the thickness of the plaster or facing layer. When calculating the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane, architectural details protruding above the walls and the niches present in them are not taken into account. Thus, according to the norms, the building volume of the building is calculated. Example formula for the underground part:

V3 = S3 x H1.

S3 - the area in the horizontal section of the basement (basement) in size, measured by the level of the first floor above the plinth. H1 - height from the top of the finishing floor of the 1st floor.

Elements of the structure

In some cases it is necessary to calculate the building volume of the building, which consists of separate components. They differ in configuration in terms of plan, height, and construction. In this case, all construction volumes are added together. Determining the dimensions for a particular part of the structure, the space delimiting the space is referred to the zone where the partition corresponds to the design or height. For the attic floor, in calculations, use a vertical cross-section along the outer circumference of the walls that serve as a fence for the length of the building. Measurements are carried out to the upper plane of the layer of the heat insulation material of the attic ceiling or (in the absence of an attic) of the roofing. The building volumes of tambours, bay windows, verandas, loggias, galleries, transitions, protruding (except for architectural details) elements of the structure, domes and light lanterns located above the roofing plane are included in the total figure. Do not take into account when measuring the size of driveways, porticos, open balconies, space under construction.

Volumes of construction: general information

The calculation is carried out according to measurements in kind, projects, sizes, established by inventory plans. As units of measure in which the construction volume is determined, the parameters adopted in the estimates should be used. They are given in those sections of the relevant parts of SNiP. The construction work is recommended to be evaluated in accordance with standard schemes, tables and sketches. These materials allow us to visualize the course and sequence of calculations. The evaluation uses tables that take into account the specificity of the activity. Construction work is accounted for in a certain sequence. Beginning follows from the basement and basement walls. After this, the volume of earthworks is determined. Separately recommended assessment of the underground part of the structure, as well as non-residential and residential areas.

Process Flow

As was said above, the volume is counted in a certain order. During the process, the following sequence should be followed:

• Familiarization with the project materials and their placement in a convenient for rational use order.
• Development and preparation of tabular forms.
• Compilation of auxiliary tables of calculations for typical elements, products and structures.
• Calculation of the scope of work using design specifications.
• Evaluation of activities for structural elements and what is not covered by the specification.

Recommendations

Using some auxiliary materials, you can greatly facilitate the work. Recommended:

• Prepare in advance auxiliary tables containing ready-made estimates for typical and repetitive structural details, parts of structures, types of services.
• Maximum use of forms on local estimates with a list of basic works and structural elements, cost indicators and ciphers of single quotations.
• Conduct calculations in this order so that the results of previous activities can be applied in the future.
• Maximize the use of the specifications in the project structure for standard products and areas (useful, general, etc.).

Vedomosti on the volume of general construction works usually consist of calculations for specific types of work and structural elements. Here it is necessary to bear in mind that the subsections of these materials and grouping of chapters do not correspond to each other.

additional information

Calculation of the scope of work, as mentioned above, is carried out in units of measurement established in SNiP. They include, in particular, m ³ , pcs., T, m ² and so on. It should be noted that the term "estimated volumes" means any quantities that are determined by the drawings and are used in estimating the estimated cost. Calculations, as a rule, produce equipment (designers). For compliance with greater accuracy, it is recommended that the results be rechecked by the estimated employees of the relevant qualification.

Prefabricated or concrete and reinforced concrete structures

Specificity of the assessment of the scope of work on their design is that single quotations take into account the complex of services for assembling parts without their cost. In this regard, the estimates provide for two items. The first - to determine the cost of installation at a single charge. The second - for calculating the price of structures at current rates for them. The process is complicated by the fact that in some cases, the unit and wholesale costs provide for different parameters. So, for example, the estimated norm for the installation of the stairwell is set to one design. Wholesale prices are per square meter and cubic meter of concrete. In such cases it is necessary to determine the number of designs (in pieces) and calculate their area. In connection with this circumstance, the compiler of the sheet uses drawings and clearly represents the product. In the formation of estimates to the schemes, as a rule, do not resort. In these cases, only the statement on the calculation of working volumes is used. Therefore, in the latter it is necessary to give a complete description of the calculated structures.

Structure skeletons

To the structures bearing the load from the overlapping of the building and enclosing elements, include columns, connections, trusses, beams and crossbars. In case the severity of the structure is distributed on the walls, it is called frameless. It should be noted that in the estimates for housing and civil construction, the section "Carcass" is absent. The cost of ties, trusses, crossbars and beams is included in the "Coverings" and "Overlappings", and columns standing separately - in the "Walls". The scope of work on the installation of capitals and columns of reinforced concrete is determined per piece of product. For a monolithic frame, the unit of measurement is a cubic meter of reinforced concrete in the case. The standards for metal structures are given for 1 ton, for light materials - for 100 m ² . The costs for laying reinforced concrete panels and prefabricated panels, ceilings and coatings are determined per 1 piece of the product.

Basic Formulas

The building volume of the structure with the attic floor element (V1) is defined as follows:

V1 = S1xH.

S1 - the area along the horizontal section of the structure along the outer bypass at the level of the 1st floor. H is the height of the section from the mark of the finishing floor on the first floor to the top in the filling of the attic floor. Another formula:

V2 = S2 x L.

It determines the building volume of the building without overlapping the attic (V2). S2 is the area of the vertical section of the building along the outside of the walls (the top of the floor is 1 floor and the top outline of the roof). L is the value that determines the length of the building along the external faces on the end walls according to the level of the ground floor above the plinth. In the first and in the second case, the amount of travel is excluded from the calculation. However, at the same time added volumes of bay windows, niches, loggias, tambours, verandas, light lamps. At the same time, the dimensions of balconies (covered and open), porticos are not taken into account. If the area of different floors is different, then first determine the building volume for each separately. After the values are summed up.