Bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation: consumption, application

The most accessible and effective waterproofing has always been bitumen treatment of brick and concrete structures, as well as tanks, wooden beams, pipes from metal and other building materials. This is a universal type of insulation.

Previously, there were frequent difficulties in applying - the bitumen had to be melted and applied while it was still hot. Now such problems are absent thanks to the use of solvents. Consumption of mastic with waterproofing works is about 2-3 kg / m ² , it is produced in ready form. For application it is necessary to participate no more than two people.

It is also worth noting that this coating used to crack and break at low temperatures. Now this problem is solved with the help of various polymer additives and plasticizers. So the development of chemistry has had a positive impact on the quality of the facility and the work.

Types of Mastics

Bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation is divided into many different types. They have differences in solvents, astringent components, application methods, composition and scope of use. Conventional polymer variants are more rare and in their characteristics lose bituminous. Among the main types are the following:

• Primer, or emulsion composition, is the water mass of bituminous fine dust, the main application is to prepare surfaces for a roll material or mastic of another type.
• Polymeric mass, in the structure of which - fillers of various types, such as minerals, rubber crumbs. Polymer elements are mandatory components, which may be polyurethane or polystyrene.
• Rubber mastic has a high heat resistance and excellent elasticity with low viscosity, due to which it is possible to thoroughly wet the base of concrete.
• Rubber insulation contains a dispersed emulsion or rubber chips. In some cases hot application is necessary.
• Building bitumen requires heating up to a certain temperature to give the required elasticity.
• Mastic with mineral additives , it can contain asbestos, ash, cement or chalk.

What is waterproofing used for?

The house itself and the materials used should be protected from melting snow, dampness, capillary and groundwater, regardless of which foundation technology was used. Bitumen mastic will make it inexpensive and practical. Such a measure will help to prevent moisture from entering the basement and prolong the service life.

The porous structure of concrete quickly absorbs water, because of which the damp penetrates into the building and causes the appearance of mold and fungus. In addition, over time, the reinforcement also begins to corrode, contributing to the occurrence of cracks in the structure. A quality foundation, protected from moisture, is a guarantee of long-term operation of the entire house.

Dampness can have a different degree of influence on the foundation, it depends on the presence of the basement, soil type, water level. Special protection is required for structures in the following cases:

• When erecting a building on waterproof ground;
• If the foundation has a lower mark at the water level;
• If the distance to groundwater is less than one meter.

Bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation: features of working with the material

White spirit, gasoline and toluene are the most common solvents. That is why in a closed room when working with such funds, compliance with safety rules is required, in particular the use of glasses and respirators. Application of the latter is also desirable in the open air provided the weather is hot.

Bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation is made basically without the use of organic solvents, which is undoubtedly convenient, because thanks to this, it is possible to contact with the thermal insulation coatings made of expanded polystyrene and foam. Also, they do not emit toxic and flammable vapors.

The material can contain reinforcing particles: glass fabric elements, various fibers. On purpose it is possible to meet universal mastics, for repair of a roof, for works with a road covering, for fastening of a rolled material, for a waterproofing.

What you should pay attention to

In shops, mastics of universal type, suitable for various works, are mainly presented. But for the optimal result, the selection of the material, which is created for the intended operating conditions, is desirable. It can be a waterproofing tape, mastic for coating brick or steel pipes, a composition for waterproofing the roof or foundation, and others.

Bitumen-polymer materials are characterized by better performance characteristics, they have excellent adhesion to various materials, whether they are ruberoid, stone or wood, and also form an elastic, reliable film coating that does not change its chemical and physical properties over a wide temperature range.

It is worth noting the durability and increased resistance to mechanical stress, because of this costs a bit more such a waterproofing foundation. The price differs for different manufacturers, but on average starts from 360 rubles per package (17 kg).

Quantity of required material

The expense of mastic is one of the important indicators. This parameter can be found on the product packaging. In its absence, the minimum recommended layer should be noted, which will allow to calculate the approximate amount of the composition for the works. Mastic usually contains 20 to 60% solvents, respectively, shrinkage after distribution will amount to a similar percentage spread. Consumption can reach up to 4 kg / m ^2; If the basement is waterproofed, the price of the work is increased because of this, especially given that hot mastic is being spent a little faster. To achieve the required coating thickness, the material is rolled into several layers, each of which is applied after the previous one has dried completely.

Sealing tape

Waterproofing tape is an elastic, waterproof material that is not affected by negative temperatures and withstands a significant water pressure. The basis is polyester knitted fabric with a thermoplastic polymer coating. The net structure of knitwear provides a secure anchoring.

The combination of the facing coating and the tape forms a surface that is not affected by hydrochloric solutions, acids and alkalis. The material is resistant to aging and has an excellent level of stretching. It can be used for both outdoor and indoor work.

Self-adhesive tape

Application tape for waterproofing self-adhesive type is possible in bathrooms, bathrooms and other internal works. It consists of a non-woven material with an insulating polyethylene coating and an adhesive one-side surface with an acrylic base. It is also used together with waterproofing compounds in the places of possible cracks and stress concentration, at the seams, at the interface between the floor and the wall, at the outer and inner corners.

Preliminary work

The surface of the basement after complete aging of the concrete is thoroughly cleaned of dirt, dust and sand. To improve the adhesion, the place of the intended application of the mastic is treated with a bitumen primer. Addition of another layer is required if the bulk of the existing composition has been absorbed into the material. The thickness of the coating is determined according to the intensity of the black tone, in which the treated surface is painted. A primer layer is distributed using a roller or a mackerel.

Processing technology

The main layer can be applied after 24 hours after using the primer. Suitable for work any bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation. Too thick can be diluted with white spirit using a drill and a mixer for mixing. If the work is done at negative temperatures, the composition is heated in metallic form to 40-60 degrees. Care should be taken to avoid open flame contact and evaporation.

Waterproofing with bitumen is carried out with a spatula, roller or a special brush. The layer should be rather dense, without formation of streaks. To facilitate the work, you can use a long handle for the roller.

When using a bitumen-polymer agent, which does not contain organic solvents, an insulator made of extruded polystyrene or foam can be attached from above. These materials are glued on mastic with solvents only after it has completely dried, otherwise the erosion of the structure of the plates and their warping at the junction will occur.

Advantages of cold application

Modern bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation, GOST 30693 2000, has a number of advantages, among which is worth noting the long shelf life, ease of application and reasonable cost. This material forms a hermetically sealed seamless coating which, due to the presence of plasticizers and other additives, does not break down with decreasing temperature and has sufficient durability and strength. But if the application of the composition is within the power of everyone, then in each case, only the specialist should determine the applicability. This also applies to the period of operation, the thickness of the layer and the type of material.