Biological diversity. What does the air-terrestrial environment include?

The habitat is the immediate environment in which there is a living organism (animal or plant). It can contain both living organisms, and objects of inanimate nature and any number of species of organisms from several species to several thousand, coexisting in a certain life space. Air-ground habitat includes such areas of the earth's surface as mountains, savannahs, forests, tundra, polar ice and others.

Habitat - planet Earth

Different parts of the planet Earth are home to the enormous biological diversity of species of living organisms. There are certain types of animal habitats. Hot, arid areas are often covered with hot deserts. In warm, humid regions, there are moist rainforests.

There are 10 main types of land areas on Earth. Each of them has many varieties, depending on where in the world it is located. Animals and plants that are typical of a certain habitat, adapt to the conditions in which they live.

African savannahs

This tropical herbaceous aerial-terrestrial community habitat is found in Africa. It is characterized by long droughty periods following wet seasons with heavy rainfall. African savannahs are home to a huge number of herbivores, as well as strong predators that feed on them.

The mountains

On the tops of high mountain ranges it is very cold, and only a few plants grow there. Animals living in these high places are adapted to cope with low temperatures, lack of food and steep rocky terrain.

Evergreen forests

Coniferous forests are often found in the cool regions of the Northern Hemisphere of the globe: Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia and regions of Russia. They are dominated by evergreen spruce, and these areas are home to animals such as elk, beaver and wolf.

Deciduous trees

In cold, humid areas, many trees grow rapidly in the summer, but lose their leaves in winter. The number of wild animals in these areas varies depending on the season, as many migrate to other areas or fall into hibernation in winter.

Moderate zone

It is characterized by dry grassy prairies and steppes, grasslands, hot summers and cold winters. This terrestrial-air habitat of organisms is home to such herd-eating herbivores as antelopes and bison.

The Mediterranean zone

The lands around the Mediterranean Sea are characterized by a hot climate, but there is more precipitation here than in the desert regions. These areas are home to shrubs and plants that can survive only in the case of access to water and are often filled with a variety of different types of insects.

Tundra

Such air-terrestrial habitats, like tundra, are covered with ice for most of the year. Nature comes to life only in spring and summer. Here reindeer live and birds nest.

Rainforests

These dense green forests grow near the equator and have the richest biological diversity of species of living organisms. No other habitat can boast as many inhabitants as the territory covered by tropical forests.

Polar ice

Cold regions near the North and South poles are covered with ice and snow. Here you can find penguins, seals and polar bears, which get their food in the icy waters of the ocean.

Animals of land-air habitat

Habitats are scattered over the vast territory of the planet Earth. Each is characterized by a certain biological diversity of the animal and plant world, whose representatives unevenly populate our planet. In the colder parts of the world, such as the polar regions, there are not so many species of fauna inhabiting these territories and specially adapted for living in low temperatures. Some animals are distributed around the world depending on the plants they consume, for example, a giant panda inhabits those areas where bamboo grows.

Air-ground environment

Every living organism needs a home, shelter or environment that can provide security, ideal temperature, food and reproduction - all that is necessary for survival. One of the important functions of the habitat is to ensure an ideal temperature, since extreme changes can destroy an entire ecosystem. An important condition is also the presence of water, air, soil and sunlight.

The temperature on Earth is not the same everywhere, in some parts of the world (North and South Poles) the thermometer can drop to -88 ° C. In other places, especially in the tropics, it is very warm and even hot (up to + 50 ° C). The temperature regime plays an important role in the processes of adaptation of the terrestrial air habitat, for example, animals adapted to low temperatures can not survive in the heat.

The habitat is the natural environment in which the organism lives. Animals require a different amount of space. The habitat can be large and occupy a whole forest or small, like a mink. Some inhabitants have to defend and defend a vast territory, while others need a small stretch of space where they can coexist peacefully with neighbors living side by side.