Basic and additional cases of the Russian language

In Russian, there are six main cases, which we most often apply in life. In addition, some linguists allocate about 7 additional, which are rarely used, but nevertheless have the right to exist. What are the cases of the Russian language? In this article we will discuss this in more detail.

6 major cases

Below are the main cases of the Russian language:

1. Nominative. It is most often used, always in a direct form.
2. Genitive. It determines the belonging, kinship of someone or something to anyone or anything.
3. Dative. Determine the endpoint of the action.
4. Accusative. Gives a designation to the action.
5. Instrumental. Indicates the method, method, instrument of action and types of temporal affiliation.
6. Proposal (see example below).

The data of the Russian language are standard and generally accepted. They serve to establish the connection of words in sentences. Indirect and direct Cases of the Russian language. The questions that characterize them we will give below, in the form of a table:

The cases from each other also distinguish their endings.

7 additional cases

The forms listed below are extremely rare and can be easily replaced by the main options.

1. Local (or second prepositional). He answers the question "where". Specifies the location. For example: being in an apartment, sleeping in bed and so on.

2. The call. Similar by definition, with the nominative case. There are two kinds of examples:

- short names and words used only when accessed. For example: Kat, Ol, Natasha, dads, moms;

- obsolete and ecclesiastical forms of circulation. For example: wife, Lord, God.

3. Quantitative and qualitative. It has signs of genitive, but differs from it in form. For example: add a step (instead of "step").

4. Deprive. The form of the accusative, used only with negation on the verb. For example: do not know the truth (not "truth").

5. Waiting. Has signs of an accusative and genitive case. For example: wait for the weather at the sea.

6. Inclusive or transformative. Answers questions "Who / what?" (Accusative case), but it is used only in turns, for example: go to the teacher, take a wife and so on.

7. Countable. The genitive case used when counting. For example: two hours, three steps.

Additional cases of the Russian ending language also have different. Why they are not included in the list of basic, is still unknown. Many believe that since the data cases are similar in feature to the main six, then there is no need to use them. To know the cases of the Russian language is necessary for the competent composition of the sentence, both verbally and in writing, that is why they are studied in schools compulsorily and even in some departments of higher educational institutions (universities, institutes, academies).