Asia In the Xi-xiv Century

Central dynasties were ruled by dynasties that implanted Buddhism and related ties with Srivijaya (in part, with Kambudjadesha). Dynasties, adherent to Shaivism and enmity with the center, continued to rule in Eastern Java. In the course of their struggle, the unified state of Javanese was gradually formed - Early Mataram.

In the XI-XIV centuries. Vast territories were united in the framework of four agrarian empires, which had a great social and economic similarity: Pagan, Kambujadesha, Singasari-Majapahit, and Daiviet, which in the second half of the period to some extent became an agrarian empire. The state of Dali, defeated in the XIII century. Mongols, gradually turned administratively into a Chinese province (modern Yunnan). There were states in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, South Molukks, on Luzon (Mayinila), Mindanao (near Lake Lanao), on Sugba (or Cebu), the Sulu Archipelago, and thus expanded the scope of the class society that Was now in all major areas of Southeast Asia. The culture of Japan had its own contribution to the history of Asian culture.

Cultural, economic, political and military contacts with the Sinhalese principalities of Lanka intensified in the west, wars with the Cholov state in South India. Trade in this period was still carried out mainly with the Dravidian peoples of South India. The first place among the seafaring merchants was then occupied by the Arabs, but there was considerable trade activity and Iranian merchants. Contacts with the Chinese empires were much less frequent, mostly military: the Sunov Wars (XI century) with Dayvette and Yuan (XIII century) with Daivette, Dali, Tampa, Kambujadesha, Pagan and Mataram. Trade with Chinese ports was conducted by merchants from Southeast Asia, Arabs, Iranians, Indians. The culture of Japan had its own contribution to the history of Asian culture.

Asia in the XI-XIV century.

In the sphere of economic relations at this time there have been important changes. It spread more and more, becoming the main occupation of the majority of the population (and it lived in the valleys of medium and large rivers), irrigated rice growing. The auxiliary crops (root crops and other vegetables, leguminous plants, etc.) have become widespread everywhere and have become a permanent element of the peasants' nutrition , and the role of non-irrigated rice has grown. Perhaps at this time the corn was already spread.

Significant changes occurred in the position of the city and the townspeople. The number of cities has sharply increased, a number of rural crafts have been replaced by urban crafts, which has led to the standardization of many aspects of production and life. The economic ties between the city and the village have increased, the exchange within states has grown, the sphere of monetary circulation has expanded.

Asia in the XI-XIV century.