An ancestral lands is a form of land ownership

Vetchina is a form of Old Russian landownership, which appeared in the 10th century on the territory of Kievan Rus. It was at that time that the first feudal lords appeared, to whom large areas of land belonged. The original patrimonies were boyars and princes, that is, large landowners. Since X and up to the XII century, patrimony was the main form of land ownership.

The term itself originated from the Old Russian word "fatherland", that is, that passed to the son from his father. It could also be property obtained from a grandfather or great-grandfather. Princes or boyars received patrimonial inheritance from their fathers. There were three ways to acquire land: ransom, gift for service, patrimonial inheritance. Rich landowners managed simultaneously several patrimonies, they increased their property through the purchase or exchange of land, the seizure of communal peasant lands.

The estate is the property of a specific person, he could exchange land, sell, rent or divide, but only with the consent of his relatives. In the event that one of the members of the family opposed this transaction, the owner could not exchange or sell his allotment. For this reason, patrimonial landownership can not be called unconditional property. Large land plots were owned not only by boyars and princes, but also by the higher clergy, large monasteries, members of the squads. After the creation of church-patrimonial landholding, the church hierarchy appeared , that is, bishops, metropolitans, etc.

Wastes are buildings, arable land, forests, meadows, animals, inventory, as well as peasants living in the landownership of the patrimony. At that time the peasants were not serfs, they could freely move from the land of one patrimonial to the territory of another. But all the same, the landowners enjoyed certain privileges, especially in the sphere of legal proceedings. They formed the administrative and economic apparatus for organizing the daily life of the peasants. Owners of land had the right to collect taxes, had judicial and administrative power over people living on their territory.

In the XV century there was such a thing as an estate. This term implies a large feudal possession, gifted by the state military or civil servant. If the patrimony is private property, and no one had the right to take it, then the estate was seized from the owner by the termination of the service or because it had a neglected appearance. Most of the estates were occupied by lands cultivated by serfs.

At the end of the 16th century, a law was passed, according to which the estate could be inherited, provided that the heir would continue to serve the state. It was forbidden to make any manipulations with the given lands, but the landlords, like the votchinniki, had the right to the peasants from which they levied taxes.

In the XVIII century patrimony and the estate were equalized. So a new type of property was created-an estate. In conclusion, it should be noted that patrimony is an earlier form of ownership than the estate. They both imply the possession of land and peasants, but the estate was considered a personal property with the right to pledge, exchange, sale, and the estate - state property with the prohibition of any manipulation. Both forms ceased to exist in the XVIII century.