A microphone is an electro-acoustic device. Types of microphones, device, description

The world of microphones differs in variety and a huge assortment of models. On the shelves of specialized stores you can see devices of different shapes and sizes. And if earlier the consumer could independently orient himself in all this diversity, then today the types and types of microphones easily mislead even connoisseurs of this matter.

The domestic market is literally oversaturated not only by sensible models from Europe, but also by dubious devices from Asia, so increasingly the choice of a microphone resembles a lottery, and with minimal chances for a happy ticket.

Let's try to figure out what kind of device this is, what kinds of microphones are and what points should first of all be paid attention to before placing your own blood in the cash register of a music store. In the calculation will be taken opinions of experts in this field and feedback from owners.

Types of devices

A microphone is almost the omnipresent thing. It is in the players, computers, telephones, video cameras, that is, in almost all what is called, bilateral gadgets and devices. However, in this article we will look at a certain group of devices.

Variety of microphones

A variety, dynamic or stage microphone is a device that was originally designed for certain spheres. Such models are most often associated with hand-held devices, where there is a handle and a capsule, protected by a grid from the wind.

The microphone of such a plan does not differ in variety. Almost all models have a similar appearance, and the problem here is not that designers have run out of ideas and ideas on visualization - just all manufacturers are striving for unification. That is, the standard device is well and reliably fixed in the same standard rack mounts, and in addition to unified models it is much easier to select a replaceable windshield, unlike their "refined and glamorous" counterparts.

In turn, distinguish between reel and tape microphones. That is, in the first case, the diaphragm is connected to a coil that is in the gap of the magnetic system, and in the second, instead of the coil, there is a corrugated ribbon made of aluminum foil. Both the first and the second type have their own advantages and disadvantages. Coil devices are used mainly on the stage because of their reliability, but at the expense of quality, and the tape microphone is most often used in recording studios for more precise voice transmission.

Variety devices can be grouped into wired and wireless. In addition to the models that are used on the stage, there are also sets and lavaliers (petticoats). Moreover, there are also subgroups of these devices: for songs, voice, for piano and guitars and microphones for the sound.

Reporter microphones

The scope of such devices is more than clear from the title. A reporter microphone is an apparatus that is not afraid of wind, but also of low or high temperatures. Models can be wired, wireless, used as a headset, for hidden wearing. There are also simple manual types.

Such devices cost a very round sum, so before you buy such a microphone, carefully and comprehensively study the model you are interested in, and then make the appropriate conclusions. It may well be that all these "bells and whistles" will be to you to nothing.

Studio devices

A studio microphone is a small device, usually a lapel or head type, working on radio waves, but you can also meet the familiar tame varieties.

In addition, in television studios in the course of desktop devices such as "tablets". They have a flat outline and are almost invisible on the tables of the reporters. Their main task is to fix all the waves above the table. The top part of such a microphone is not directional, and the lower one is simply not covered.

Broadcast microphones

This type of device is used for radio broadcasts and television broadcasting. These devices are intended for both live broadcasts and for recording radio and TV programs.

The design and functionality of such devices is designed to work with conventional speech. Such devices differ in recognizable form, because they are designed for fastening to a special rack of the "spider" type. She got the nickname thanks to a shock absorber with a ring and rubberized ears. In addition, a kind of adapter for the microphone plays the role of the body of the "spider".

Very often such devices are additionally equipped with a switch, where it is possible to change directional characteristics if necessary. More expensive models can work "in a circle": cardiodes, "eight" and supercardiods.

Devices for music studios

This group is also divided into several types of devices: instrumental, speech and vocal microphones. Each category is different in appearance. Speech and vocal models, as a rule, are very similar in appearance, and they can be distinguished only by a specific wind deflector. In addition, they have special brackets, with which they are mounted on racks with shock-absorbing suspensions.

Instrumental devices with their appearance resemble usual studio or stage microphones for vocals. The design and functionality of these devices creates all the conditions for perceiving the smallest details of sound, and at the highest resistance to sound pressure. This effect is achieved thanks to the built-in attenuator, preventing overload of the microphone.

Summarizing

If you are looking for a microphone, you should clearly understand for yourself that universal models simply do not exist, and a good device costs a fortune. And do not listen to sellers who paint the versatility of the model - you need to buy a microphone for specific purposes and tasks.

For vocals - one, for drums - another, for piano - the third, etc. In addition, do not be tempted by the low price of the device from a well-known brand. Even the most venerable manufacturers do not sin to throw in the market budget devices for mass production. Remember that good professional microphones can not be cheap.