Words with double consonants: examples

Words with double consonants are one of the most difficult from the point of view of spelling. The thing is that these letters are not pronounced like a pair. As a rule, only one sound sounds in their place. Hence the complexity - the inability to notice the spelling. That's why the spelling of words with double consonants begins to pass from the primary school and finish only in the 7th grade. The rules governing this spelling are quite a lot: they concern the spelling of various parts of the word. Particular attention should be given to those words where the doubled consonants are at the junction of the morphemes.

Fundamentally

Words with double consonants in the root, as a rule, belong to the category of vocabulary (their writing should be remembered). In Russian it is a combination of LJ and Ss .

So, the words "burning", as well as "reins" or "yeast" must be remembered - they do not obey any rule. Here one must be especially careful and bear in mind that the roots with the alternation of consonants - sr (q) / - szh -, with prolonged pronunciation [g], it is still necessary to write [szh]. For example: squeals (im, p. H.) - you squeal [lzh] and .

As for the combination - ss , it is used in the word "quarrel" and the words that come from him ( quarrel ). You should also write - ss - at the root - Ross -: Russia , West-Russian, Little Russia .

It should be remembered that - rus- should be written with one - with -, if after there is not a suffix - ck -: Russian , but Russian . The exception is Belarus .

Do not forget about the numbers. Thus, in the word "eleven" the double n . The thing is that the lexeme has occurred from the phrase one to ten (ten).

At the junction of the prefix and the root

Words with double consonants at the junction of the prefix and root in the Russian language are quite numerous. There are several rules to consider.

First, if the first sound of the root is ringing - at the end of the prefix it is necessary to use a letter designating a sonorous sound: starless, exhilarating, vestibule .

Here, too, alternation plays an important role, so, in the word "heartburn", double w is not written (although it is heard), because there is a special alternation.

And the directly opposite principle: a double deaf consonant is used in the event that the root begins with a deaf: b cohesion , disperse, unscrupulous, run out . It is important to adhere to the basic principle of the use of double consonants: they can only be used by a couple, in no case by a troika. If the word-formation method involves the combination of three identical letters near - one of them is truncated.

Let's take an example: quarreled . This word is formed from the verb quarreled with the help of the prefix races . Accordingly, in a row there should be three c : two from the root to quarrel and one from the prefix of the races . However, according to the well-known principle of spelling, one of them is truncated.

It should be remembered that in the word "calculation" one c is written . The same rule is also preserved in derived words, for example: calculating, calculating .

In the suffix

Words with double consonants in the suffix are adjectives and participles. So, words like provocative or cranberry will be written with doubled n . It's all about the suffixes- enn- and- onn .

Let us take as an example 3 more words with double consonants in the suffix: constitutional, positional, revolutionary . Let us note that all these adjectives are formed from c from nouns: the constitution, position, revolution .

Two- n- have in the suffix three words-exceptions: glass, tin, wooden .

In adjectives, the termed - and - derived and derived from them (for example, adverbs) is also written double - n- (exception words - forged, chewed ): stuffed, pampered, rinded, worried (excitedly) ,

As for the participles, in these parts of the speech there is a suffix -nn-. It takes place in the event that we have a passive participle in the past tense. With this rule, they are often confused, because these words are difficult to distinguish from verbal adjectives, from which one letter n is written.

We will analyze similar words with double consonants. Examples are: a reading book (verbal adjective) - a book read all the evening (communion) - a book (communion) read . Another example: a wounded soldier (verbal adjective) - a soldier wounded in a heavy fight (communion) - a wounded soldier .

Looking at these examples, it is easy to conclude that the participle with a double- n- in the suffix is distinguished by the presence of dependent words or prefixes. These signs can be present both collectively, and separately: wounded in heavy fighting soldiers .

On the boundary of the root and suffix

Words with double consonants can have them at the junction of the root and the suffix. This applies, in the first place, to adjectives and adverbs formed from them. Teachers argue that in this rule schoolchildren are confused most often.

For example, we will analyze the word-building chains: fog - foggy - foggy. As you can see, the adjective foggy is formed from the noun, the basis of which ends in -n-. Hence the double consonant in the word, which remains in the dialect, formed from the adjective - vaguely .

Sleep - sleepy - sleepily - here also there is the formation of an adjective from a noun with a basis on -n- with the help of the same suffix ( somnolent ). Moreover, the double n is also present in the dialect.

Another case where a double consonant stands at the junction of the root and suffix - words with the root -sk- . Only in this version will be written -ss- . For example: Odessa - Odessa (the third-cut on the principle of the impossibility of confluence of three identical consonants); Gudermes - the Gudermes; Rus - Russian, Kotlas - Kotlass . As you can see, the rule applies to all sorts of toponyms.

Vocabulary words borrowed

Dictionary words with double consonants, as a rule, belong to the category of foreign speakers. It should be remembered that in the derivatives of these lexemes the doubled letter remains. Here are some examples:

Group - group;

- compromise - compromise;

- Score - ten points;

- ton - two-ton;

- corrosion - anticorrosive;

Mass is massive.

Algorithm for writing and moving

To correctly write a word with a double vowel, you need:

1. Determine in which part of the word it is located.
2. To find out the way the word is formed.
3. Check whether the consonant is at the junction of morphemes.
4. Identify part of the speech (participle or verbal adjective).
5. Find the lexical meaning. The fact is that there are words, doubled consonant at the junction of the root and prefixes in which depends on the meaning. These are, for example: a fake (copy) - and an odd job (a product created by oneself). In the first case, two letters q at the junction of the morphemes, and in the second - Another example: run around (run several times) - run around (be in several places in a short time). In the first word, the prefix o- , in the second -

The transfer of words with double consonants obeys the following rule: one letter remains on the line, the second goes to the following: morning, dedicated, foggy, angry, angry .

Place in the school year

In the school course, the topic of doubling consonants is introduced gradually: in elementary school children are introduced to vocabulary words and their derivatives, such as "group", "gram." Also, younger schoolchildren learn the rules of their transfer.

Further, in secondary school, when studying morphology, the topic is introduced when studying the spelling of a particular part of speech. In the 8th-9th class, the material studied is consolidated, its systematization (for example, the topic "H and NN in different parts of speech"), deepening of knowledge (analysis of the most difficult cases).

It should be noted that in GIA and EGE tests one of the issues is always devoted to this topic.