Types of wages

Any person in order to survive, you need to eat something, put something on, have a place at least for the night. For all this, of course, you need to pay, and therefore have some income. They can be the following: profit from doing business, selling property, winning the lottery. However, the main source of income of citizens in Russia is still wages, the types of which may differ depending on the object of classification.

Nominal and real wages

For the purposes of economic theory , wages are divided into nominal and real. Nominal - this is directly the cash paid to the employee for the performance of his professional duties. The real salary is the amount of goods, products that a person can buy for the money he has paid.

Nominal and real types of wages are linked, as well as with the level of prices. For example, if the nominal wage increases by 15%, and the price increases by eight percent, the real wages will increase by only 7%. On the other hand, if prices rise by 20% under the same conditions, real wages will decrease by 5%, despite the growth of nominal wages.

Salary and its types depending on the form of payments

In the form in which wages are paid, distinguish between its natural and monetary varieties.

Natural wages are issued in the form of food, clothing, household appliances and other items. However, its share in the total amount of payments can not exceed twenty percent. The monetary salary is issued, respectively, in the form of liquid funds: cash or transfer to a card.

It is worth considering that both monetary and natural types of wages are subject to personal income tax.

Basic and additional salary

It is important for the enterprise to separate payment for labor by basic and additional. The first type of payments include accruals directly for the time worked or output, as well as any surcharges for excess work. In other words, these are payments that are directly related to the performance by employees of their work duties.

Additional salary is charged for a time not directly related to official functions, but paid for under current legislation. This includes payment for nursing mothers breaks in work, preferential hours for adolescents engaged in the performance of public or state duties, holidays (including training), hospital, etc.

New types of wages

The development of private business in Russia has led to the emergence of new types of wages: "white" and "black." "White" is the part of the earnings that the employer pays officially, with which social taxes are deducted, and personal income tax is withheld from employees. Accordingly, "black" means money paid "in an envelope", or what is paid to an employee unofficially, bypassing various taxes.

The reasons for this separation are understandable: thus the employer seeks to avoid unnecessary costs, and the employee - to raise his level of real wages. The benefit, it would seem, is obvious for both, and for others. In fact, for an employee such a situation is more often disadvantageous, because it leads to a loss in pension contributions, in addition, it will be more difficult for such an employee to obtain a loan or somehow confirm his solvency in other cases. It should also be borne in mind that the separation of white and black wages is illegal. With an obviously understated level of salaries, the employer runs the risk of incurring inspections of the tax and labor inspectorate, and penalties.